Michelangelo and Da Vinci free essay sample

With being talented artists of the renaissance both Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci had the dream of bringing art to its original form but with different perspectives on how to portray their art, Michelangelo and Leonardo demonstrated their creations differently? Michelangelo was borne on March 6, 1475 in Caprice Italy, his full mane was Michelangelo di Lodonico Buonarroti Simoni; his father was serving briefly as a magistrate in the small town where he had recorded the birth of his second son of five which he had with his wife, Francesca Neri. They returned to Florence while Michelangelo was still an infant during his mother’s illness, which Michelangelo had to be placed with a family of stonecutters, (â€Å"Michelangelo,†2013). When it came to schooling Michelangelo was less interested in watching the painters and nearby churches and also drawing what he saw according to (Varsari, Condivi and Varchi), or maybe it could have been one of if grammar school friend, Francesco Granacci, who has introduces Michelangelo to the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio; which has made his father realized that Michelangelo was not interesting in the family financial business, so he agree to apprentice his son at the age of thirteen, (â€Å"Michelangelo,†2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Michelangelo and Da Vinci or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the Florentine painters workshop Michelangelo was exposed to the technique of fresco, he only spend one year at the work spot when and opportunity arrived. With the recommendatation of Ghirlandaio, Michelangelo moved in to the palace of the Florentine ruler Lorenzo the Magnificent one of the power Medici family. During 1489 to1492 was one of the fertile years for Michelangelo during that time with the Medici family, (â€Å"Michelangelo,†2013). Michelangelo also study under the Beltordo di Giovanni the sculptor, who as exposed him to prominent poet’s scholars and learners of the Humanist. He obtains a special permission from the Catholic Church to study cadaver in anatomy and the exposure of corpses. Michelangelo consider his self as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and a poet and also as a Florentine one of the most famous artist in the Italian Renaissance time, (â€Å"Michelangelo. †2013). Michelangelo thought of himself first as a sculptor with regar ds of the calling of his superior painting, because his sculptor shares something like the divine power to â€Å"make man†, (Kleiner 2010). His self imposed and isolation, creative furies, proud independency, and his daring independency had led the Italian to speak about his dominating quality of his work in one word (terribilita), (Kleiner 2010, pg. 467). During his time he painted: The Last Judgment, The Creation of Adam and also The Sistine Chapel Ceiling. Before starting the painting Julius ll had suspended the work on his tomb, the pope had gave the bitter Michelangelo to paint the ceiling (fig. 17-1) of the Sistine Chapel during 1508. He insisted that painting was not his profession, at that moment painting was consider secondary he was focus in sculpture at that time. He faces enormous difficulties in painting the Sistine ceiling. First he had to address the ceiling dimension, heights of the pavement, (Kleiner 2010). The first part of the Sistine Chapel that Michelangelo had completed had to be redone, due to the faulty preparation of the intonaco, but yet in less than four years it took Michelangelo to produce a monumental fresco to incorporate his patron agenda, the Church doctrine and also the artist interest. Michelangelo succeed in putting together more than 300 figures in to an ultimate grand drama of a human race in to this portrait, (Kleiner 2010). The Sistine Chapel Ceiling entails the creation and record of Genesis which runs along the crowns of the vaults, from God’s Separation of the Light and Darkness, including the Darkness of Noah, so when the viewer enter the church they could walk and look up and review the history of the fall of umankind, (Kleiner 2010), and the other side appear the Hebrews prophets and pagans sibyls which foretold the coming of Christ, who appear seated in the large throne on both sides. Michelangelo places four Old Testament scenes with David, Judith, Haman, and Moses and the Brazen serpent, lesser figures also appears and the ancestor of Christ fill the triangular compartment below the window, with nudes youths who punctuates the corners of the panels, he uses shades of grays to imitate the sculpture and support the painting cornice of the entire central corridor, (Kleiner 2010). The idea of the ceiling design was to bring back the chronology of Christianity but also keeping up with the Renaissance ideas of Christian history and the conflict between evil and good and also the energy of the youth and the wisdom of age, the concept of the ceiling was outstanding and the articulation of it with thousand of details was for a super human achievement (Kleiner 2010). Michelangelo did not paint the original tradition of the Creation of Adam but instead he produces a humanistic interpretation of the momentous event, (Kleiner 2010). Here we see the confrontation between God and Adam, which Adam is still part of earth, the Lord wrap around on a cloud of drapery by his power. The Lord as ruler of the world indicates how easily the Renaissance joined the classical Christian traditions (Kleiner 2010). Under the sheltering arm of God a female figure is show, many thing is Eve, but many know is the Virgin Mary (with the Christ Child at her knee), according to the author the second identification is correct them Michelangelo had incorporated his fresco essential tenets of Christian faith, which is the belief that Adam Original sin let to sacrifice of Christ for the redemption of humankind, (Kleiner 2010). While God reaches out for the hand of Adam, the viewers could follow the motion with their eyes, from left to right, meanwhile Adam’s left harm is extended will lead the eyes back to the right, along the right of the Lord’s right arm, shoulders, and left arm to his left forefinger, who his pointed toward Christ Childs face, (Kleiner 2010). Therefore the fingertips of Adam and the Lord are off point, that’s why Michelangelo replace the architectural axes; which was found in Leonardo composition with curves and diagonals. Michelangelo in the Last Judgment here he painted Christ as the stern judge of the world, a giant who raises his arm at the world suggesting that he will destroy all creation of the universe; while the choirs of heaven his surrounding him, the trumpeting angels and the ascending figures, on the left the death awake with the assume flesh; and on the right the demons and the gargoyles mask with the burning eyes revives the demons of Romanesque tympana (fig. 1-16) who tormented the damned, (Kleiner 2010). More over the author describe Michelangelo in a terrifying vision which of the faith that awaits the sinners, that goes far beyond the gruesome images (fig. 16-41). One of the judges Saint Bartholomew who was skinned alive, which holds the flying knife and the skin, these figures are huge and violently twisted. In those days Christ wrath and Judgment Day, was also hold out of hope; a group of save souls where selected and the crowd around Christ and the others on the far right figures appears with a cross, more likely the good thief, (Kleiner 2010). In another illustration the author describe with detail the intention of Michelangelo while he was painting The Last Judgment, here he discuss how the saint in a more vivid way was suffering; the details of (the eyes, the twist of the chest). The author assumed that this new work will bring the attention of the viewers and also the beauty of the work, more than the atrocity of the nails, ropes, and chains, (Barnes, B. 1995) Leonardo was now as one of the greatest artist in history; he could claim the job title of architect, astronomer, botanist, sculptor, anatomist physiologist, geologist, and physicist, as well as military, mechanical, civil, and aeronautical engineer, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Leonardo Da Vinci was born in the town of Vinci Italy near Florence in 1452. He received his training in the studio of Verecchio, daVinci move to Milan at the age of twenty-nine were he did work for Ludivico Sforza de Duke of Milan, until Milan fell to Louis XlV of France. Da Vinci in a letter to the Duke letting him know his talent, he could carry out his talent in sculpture in marble, bronze, or clay, and he also let the duke know that he could also do it in painting as well. His interest in anatomy did not begin until later in his life, these Renaissance artists were among the first to begin to examining corpses; looking at this famous painters and wondering why the interest in cadavers, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Da Vinci drawing went beyond the musculoskeletal system to be able to understand the inner structure of the function of the human body, Michelangelo had dissected more than 30 cadaver for the only reason was that Pope Leo X had forbade him from performing human dissection. From dissecting cadaver Michelangelo when to study how the muscle work to produce motion, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Therefore according to the authors that da Vinci contribution to the study in the system where complicated by his depiction of the animal anatomy, which he assumed to be the same as a human. However Michelangelo contribution to the anatomy and the physiology of the system are very immense; hi was the first to equate the quantity of the urine the amount of the blood and the passing through of the kidney, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Leonardo and his patronage move to the French royal family where he spends his reminded of his life between Milan, Florence, Venice and France. Leonardo was one of the most prominent artist of the Renaissance who begging examining corpses, between his corpses and his painting, Leonardo created most of the wonderful painting during his time; which will be discuss as follow: The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper and also The Madonna of the Rock. The Mona Lisa is the world most famous portrait, according to Leonardo, Giorgio Vasari, Mona Lisa portrait was the wife of Francesco del Giocondo; her name was Lisa di Antonio Maria Gherardini, it was a contraction between ma domna, â€Å"my lady), (Kleiner 2010). According to the Renaissance etiquette which dictates that women should never look in to a man’s eyes; this portrait is a convincing representation of and individual, (Kleiner 2010). Leonardo Mona Lisa according to the author (page 46, fig. 17-5) sitter’s are still the subjects of the scholarly debate and the portrait is also a convincing representation of an individual, unlikely earlier portrait this one does not serve only as an icon of status but as a respected and novel woman and a serious look that makes the viewers wonders, who is Mona Lisa and what she represent in this portrait, (Kleiner 2010). The portrait of the Mona Lisa represents a woman sitting with her hands folded and not wearing jewel, while her mouth is forming a gently smile while she gaze directly to the viewers attention. The painter skills had a chiaroscuro and atmospheric perspective to his display, the painting is darker today but the colors less vivid; still reveal the artist fascination. The Mona Lisa was a prime example to Leonardo smoky sfumato, (Kleiner 2010) The painting describe by Nicholas Ge’s that in 1862 that the Russian painter has undertook and repeating Leonardo’s social and theological post Romantic age. According to the author here in the painting of the Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, is describing the moment and the tension of the betrayal of Judas decision whether or not to leave the room, while the tension of a possible outcome of negative or positive; which depend on Judas decision, (Inessa, M. 2004). , while the act of the Eucharist took place. The figure of Judas is show that he is ready to step out with his head bend down. The author discuss about his fundamental point of the nineteenth-century Russian artistic vision of the Last Supper which are inseparable from the Orthodox notion and the Eucharistic notion as well; in which the scene of the Last Supper is a paradoxically and not central. In the Russian mind the Last Supper became a central focus and not a theological or liturgical, phenomenon, because the Russian literature and holds a mirror to his agon, nd recording his points of views in the debates and also taking sides in it, (Inessa, M. 2004). During the second half of the nineteenth century, religious themes were flourished in European art, this has influence Schleiermacher, David Friedrich Strauss, and Renan’s La Vie de Jesus (1863) as well and as posed a serious challenge to these artists. Therefore these writers has urged every artist to imbue traditional religious subjects with naturalism and to impos e religious as a meaning scenes as an everyday life, (Inessa, M. 2004). The author describe the painting of the Last Supper of a moment and between the announcement of the betrayal of Judas deciding to leave or not to leave the room, while the tension is sustained and there is a possibility of a positive or negative outcome; this is all depend on the outcome of Judas as well as Jesus, all of these responses are all possible outcomes, (Inessa, M. 2004). While Christ is looking down but not serene he is tormented, if you watch Judas leave while John no longer laying on God chest but standing at his side. Where the lights flow behind the disciples and also fall over their heads in the middle of the room. Ge achieves blackness without using a stroke of black, while his decision was not by purely technical consideration. The density and the intensity of the colors shadow of brown, taupe, auburn and mahogany which Ge employed in sculpting the others disciples, (Inessa, M. 2004). Leonardo after settling in Milan he painted the Madonna of the Rock, for the chapel of the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception in San Fresco Grande. In this painting Leonardo uses the gesture and the pyramidal composition of the Virgin, Saint John the Baptist, Christ the Child and angels; these figures share the same lights. He uses oil painting which previously is used mostly by the Northern European, (Kleiner, 2010). Madonna of the Rock was built on Masaccio’s as an understanding and usage of chiaroscuro, which the play in the light and the dark, while modeling with the light and the shadow and the expression the emotional states, which for Leonardo the heart of the painting represent the Madonna of the Rock as a pyramidal grouping and notably in sharing the same environment, (Kleiner 2010). The groundbreaking achievement which unified the presentation of the objects in an atmospheric setting is a manifestation of Leonardo scientific curiosity regarding the invisible substance which surrounds everything. Here in the Madonna of the Rock, Leonardo describe with detail the painting; from the color of the background to the depth of each figures and the position, (Kleiner 2010). Leonardo painting, The Madonna of the Rock represents the Virgin which completes the series interlocking the gesture of her left hand reaching forward the Christ Child and her right hand resting on John’s shoulder. While the melting mood and tenderness, caressing the light enhancing the surface of the entire mood, (Kleiner, 2010). The similarities between Michelangelo, and da Vinci is the time period which both artist lived and worked. Da Vinci was twenty-three older than Michelangelo which both where active at the same time until the death of da Vinci in the year of 1959; while Michelangelo lived for another 45 years. As artists they both work in the same regions with limited supply, they both will compete for commissions, (Kroll, J. ) Therefore by the time Michelangelo became an artist da Vinci has already establish his work, and while Michelangelo work was establish da Vinci had already retired to France. During the renaissance both artist Michelangelo and da Vinci where always commissioned by the Church to create interior art base regarding Biblical stories. Da Vinci most famous work was the one called â€Å"The Last Supper†, and with Michelangelo as well his most famous painting was the â€Å"Sistine Chapel† roof which display several books from Genesis, and his second painting title â€Å"The Last Judgment†, (Kroll, J. Even thought Michelangelo is known as a sculptor da Vinci is known for his sketches and his inventions, both artists are more notable for their painting; Michelangelo and ad Vinci worked with bright and realistic compositions of characteristics of an artist during the period of the Renaissance. While ad Vince pay more attention to the fabric and the draping of his subjects w hile in heavy clothes; Michelangelo figures are often larger, (Kroll, J. ) Both painters had their differences in particular, Leonardo with his intellectual and analytical mind which he preferred painting rather than sculpting, Leonardo looked at sculpting as degrading and manual labor; while Michelangelo at the other hand regard himself as a sculptor . (Kleiner 2010). Michelangelo and da Vinci both been artist during the Renaissance had their dreams, both artist brought their painting in to a new perspective and creativity; with different aspect they both uses mannerism in their painting.

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Lundie Conservation Area Analysis

Lundie Conservation Area Analysis Introduction The purpose of this document is to identify the character and appearance of the Lundie conservation area and also to define special qualities of architectural and historic interest. This document is seeking to find out if the area merits being considered as a Conservation Area and the protection it merits. This information will be used to manage change in the Conservation area to ensure its preservation or enhancement. The character analysis in this document, together with Angus Council’s Development Plan and Advice Notes that relate to development in conservation areas, will inform the assessments of development proposals and other changes against the impact on the character or appearance as stated in the Planning Act, 1997 under the Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas. 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The design guidance established will aid the assessment of development proposals. 1.2 Objectives of the Guidance The character appraisal will; Provide background information regarding the historical and architectural interest of Lundie, in particular the conservation area Review the existing conservation area Help local authorities to develop a management plan for the conservation area by analysing what is positive and negative, and identify opportunities for beneficial change or the need for additional protection and restraint. 1.3 Methodology Visual Analysis and Art-Historical Analysis was used in this document to appraise the character of Lundie conservation area. Aesthetic, Perceptive and Phenomenological Analysis was used as the basis for the general Visual analysis. It, thus, is an attempt to relate judgment from visual analysis through what was experienced with my eyes by moving through the conservation area, navigating my way from one place to another by identifying landmarks and also by looking at the emotional and conceptual connections co notated through the ‘meaning’ of the place and ‘structure’ of the place to the particular assessment criteria such as scenic beauty, what makes the place deserve the status of a conservational area, architectural interests, archaeological interests and community historic preference. The main purpose of this kind of study is to identify, measure, and evaluate the characteristics or qualities of Lundie Conservation area. Art-Historical Analysis was also u sed to analyse historical and monumental interests in the area by recording the historical, archaeological and architectural character. Existing literature on Lundie conservation area was also consulted. Though realising the fact that analysis by aesthetic qualities is very personal, depending highly on the individual’s taste and socializing experiences, using the other forms of analysis mentioned above which in is not subjective but to some extent objective, helped to achieve a balanced character appraisal. 1.4 Location and Setting Lundie is a parish and small hamlet in Angus, Scotland, 10 miles (16km) northwest of Dundee, situated at the head of the Dighty valley in the Sidlaws, off the A923 Dundee to Coupar Angus road. In 1882-4, Frances Groomes Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland described Lundie like this, â€Å"Lundie, a village and a parish of SW Forfarshire. The village stands 3 miles WSW of Auchterhouse station, 6 ESE of Coupar-Angus, and 9 NW by W of Dundee, under which it has a post office. The parish is bounded N by Newtyle, E by Auchterhouse, S by Fowlis-Easter in Perthshire, and W by Kettins. Its utmost length, from W by N to E by S, is 4 miles; its utmost breadth is 3 miles; and its area is 4296  ¼ acres, of which 1075/6 are water†. 1.5 Reason for Designation This is an area of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance. The Conservation Area will consist of the whole village of Lundie, including: — The Manse, Smithy Cottage, Gamekeepers Cottage, (The Edinburgh Gazette 27 September 1991). Lundie has significant architectural and historic interest as. The Lundie parish church which was dedicated to St Lawrence was once the property of the priory of St Andrews. Inside the church is a War memorial plaque commemorating parishioners who died in World War 1. Preserving and enhancing these key features led to the designation of the whole village of Lundie as a Conservation Area in 1991. 1.6 Lundie Conservation Area and The Conservation Area Boundary Lundie Conservation Area was designated on 8th of July, 1991 (The Edinburgh Gazette 27 September 1991) and an Article 4 put in place on the 16th of September, 1992. (The Edinburgh Gazette 20 October 1992) Using the Church as the pivot, the conservation area encompasses the main Lundie village where most of the properties are. It starts from the Smitty Cottage on the north-western side, goes around the Sawmill Cottage on the north then down to Kirkton FarM Cottage. It continues down to the Old School all the way to Oaksydix building on the south-eastern side, then around the Lundie Mill and goes up along the road to Rowanholme building. It then goes down along the road on the left towards the Manse building to the south. It then goes up north to the Well and then extends to the right towards the Village Hall past the Pump to Smitty Cottage. 1.7 Conservation Areas More than 600 conservation areas are in Scotland and of this, 19 are under the Angus Council. Conservation areas can be said to be places within or the entire village, town or city which contain areas of special historic or architectural character which needs protection or enhancement. They are designated by planning authority as being areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which they have the desire to preserve or enhance. These interests create the character of an area and any new development should be carefully assessed to ensure that it if permitted, will blend into the character of the area and not cause a blight on the character of the area. Designating a conservation area should not be seen as prohibiting change but as a means to carefully manage change to ensure the character and appearance of these areas are safeguarded and enhanced for the enjoyment and benefit of future generations. The public are consulted on any proposals to d esignate conservation areas or change their boundaries. The management of conservation areas is under the management of the local authority it falls under. 1.8 The Legal and Policy Framework Conservation areas identification can be traced back to the coming into force of the Civic Amenities Act, 1967. The government BY then recognised how important it was to protect areas in totality as against individual buildings, from indiscriminate developments and wide scale demolition of buildings in areas selected for slum clearances. Therefore, while individual buildings of special or unique characteristics may be of important, what should be considered is the group value of the buildings in the area, the buildings orientation, street design, public space and greenery which all contribute to the character and identity of a place. Considering it carefully, these same factors make up or come together to form the character of a conservation area. This 1967 law is now one way or the other replicated in The Town and Country Planning Act, 1990 and The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act of 1990. The Planning Act of 1990 empowers local planning authorities to review a lready existing conservation areas within their jurisdiction, designating new areas and coming up with character appraisal or place analysis and management plan proposals for the protection, preservation and enhancement of these conservation areas. Consent is required from the appropriate authority for any activity that is going to change or in any way affect the character of the area. The character or appearance of a conservation area through the demolition of a building and/or the construction of a new building can be significantly altered and lose some of the justification for its designation. 1.9 Conservation Areas in Angus There are currently 19 Conservation Areas in Angus of which Lundie Conservation Area is part of and six of them including Lundie conservation area have Article 4 Directions on them. The Article 4 Directions are further ways of making sure that these conservation areas maintain their character and uniqueness. There are additional laws that control the way in which buildings can be altered and planning permission is needed if such alterations are deemed to affect the character of the conservation area and trees in conservation areas are no exception. Angus Council is committed to preparing character appraisals for all the conservation areas under it and in addition it also publishes guidance on matters affecting these conservation areas. A planning application which is seen to have the potential to disrupt the character of a Conservation Area must be published in the local press and a notice posted near the site. Angus Council must then give a 21 day period for objections and comments to be put across before considering the application.

african history :: essays research papers

Zuni Lucero and Simon Ortiz make compelling points in their papers. They talk about the differences in the two cultures. How they changed schools and saw both sides of their ever changing world at a young age. How being integrated into a white community changed them, and how they felt some what of an outsider going back to their native communities. Threw their writing they can elaborate and share these experiences to those of us who have only one culture to fit into.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all can relate to changing schools or even starting school for the first time. One who has never experienced this can only imagine being of a different culture, speaking a different language, looking differently and being the â€Å"new kid.† Lucero best describes this when she states, â€Å"Made conscious of the â€Å"otherness† of Indians, my world began to divide into a world of Us and Them.† Ortiz tells about her struggle in school to not speak a language he was accustoming to. â€Å"Children in school were punished and looked upon with disdain if they did not speak and learn English quickly and smoothly.† (30) He also uses the words â€Å"corporal punishment† and â€Å"ostracism† to describe the feeling, and possibly real, threats he lived with if he did not abide by the rules being forced on them. (30) This would be more than enough for any one to rebel, but he did not. One thing that stood out in his description o f what he was enduring was the love he had for language. He states, â€Å"I loved language, the sound, meaning, and magic of language.† (30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lucero connected with me she was telling about her adventure of seeing snow for the first time, and the different structures of the houses for what she was use to in her community. If one had not seen a paved road in their life, it would be a strange site. (30) The thought of what these people endured should enrage most of us. Think about our children being called â€Å"stupid Indian/savages.† There would be some one fighting in the street or some one suing some one else. Who could these people fight, an entire nation? Who would they sue, the government? It has been made clear that most of these people’s rights had been taken away. They were forced to conform or be ridiculed. Ortiz says it best with â€Å"†¦ the intent of U. african history :: essays research papers Zuni Lucero and Simon Ortiz make compelling points in their papers. They talk about the differences in the two cultures. How they changed schools and saw both sides of their ever changing world at a young age. How being integrated into a white community changed them, and how they felt some what of an outsider going back to their native communities. Threw their writing they can elaborate and share these experiences to those of us who have only one culture to fit into.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all can relate to changing schools or even starting school for the first time. One who has never experienced this can only imagine being of a different culture, speaking a different language, looking differently and being the â€Å"new kid.† Lucero best describes this when she states, â€Å"Made conscious of the â€Å"otherness† of Indians, my world began to divide into a world of Us and Them.† Ortiz tells about her struggle in school to not speak a language he was accustoming to. â€Å"Children in school were punished and looked upon with disdain if they did not speak and learn English quickly and smoothly.† (30) He also uses the words â€Å"corporal punishment† and â€Å"ostracism† to describe the feeling, and possibly real, threats he lived with if he did not abide by the rules being forced on them. (30) This would be more than enough for any one to rebel, but he did not. One thing that stood out in his description o f what he was enduring was the love he had for language. He states, â€Å"I loved language, the sound, meaning, and magic of language.† (30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lucero connected with me she was telling about her adventure of seeing snow for the first time, and the different structures of the houses for what she was use to in her community. If one had not seen a paved road in their life, it would be a strange site. (30) The thought of what these people endured should enrage most of us. Think about our children being called â€Å"stupid Indian/savages.† There would be some one fighting in the street or some one suing some one else. Who could these people fight, an entire nation? Who would they sue, the government? It has been made clear that most of these people’s rights had been taken away. They were forced to conform or be ridiculed. Ortiz says it best with â€Å"†¦ the intent of U.

Empowerment of three main characters in The Crucible Essay

During ‘The Crucible’ the acts which unfold able some characters to empower themselves: most notably Abigail Williams, Mary Warren and even John Proctor. Some characters begin with little or no power, then abuse the situations to gain power, whereas others begin with power and lose it, sometimes justly and other times unjustly. This could be seen as a moral message for the audiences of the play, warning of power abuse which could lead to devastating consequences. In the introductory comments, Miller comments before the events begin to unfold how â€Å"†¦the children were anything but thankful for being permitted to walk straight† which shows before the witchcraft trials and accusations had begun, children were powerless under the authority of the male dominated society -children had no power to roam freely. One of the people that gained power in the play is Mary Warren, who is a servant and so is one of the lowest ranks of the Puritan society- much like the children of Salem. At first she does not have any power at all as she is taught that she has to follow orders from the Proctors, who she works for. This is seen when she â€Å"lept† with â€Å"fright† upon Proctors entrance. Yet, she manages to turn from a â€Å"mouse† to a â€Å"daughter of a prince† as she suddenly gains power from working in the court, trying possible witches. Her increasing power is also shown from her defiance of Proctor when she refuses his order of not going to â€Å"court again†, and responds that she â€Å"must† and â€Å"will be gone everyday†. It also shown through stage directions, when Mary is â€Å"terrified† of Proctor but quickly becomes â€Å"erect†, which highlights her ability to overcome her fear of Proctor because of her growing confidence and power. Mary even manages to intimidate Proctor in this part of the play. When threatened with the â€Å"whip† from Proctor, she manages to threaten him further by responding â€Å"I would have you speak civilly to me, from this out. † Mary, filled with this newly found power, is able to threaten Procter to stop beating her or she will not speak so highly of his family next time. By using the phrase â€Å"from this out† shows that Mary doesn’t usually expect that kind of treatment from the Proctor, yet now she is able to demand it because of the power gain. Again, further on in the play Mary is also able to â€Å"numb† Proctor when she overthrows his â€Å"grip† on her to tell the truth about the accusations, and instead turns on him. When pressured by Abigail and the other girls, once they start accusing Mary to save themselves, she is not able to stand her ground – which highlights her feebleness and weakness which was seen at the very start of the play. This is seen as she even admits she has â€Å"no power†. This links to her inferior position in the society and even within her social group, she is not popular, and respected. This is shown when Abigail tells Mary to â€Å"shut it† and Mercy Lewis starts â€Å"pointing† and â€Å"looking† at Mary as if she were to blame. However, the fact that Mary was able to then accuse Proctor of being â€Å"devil’s man†, who is a highly respected in the village, shows that she does have more power than she started with. But she is abusing her power, to save herself and because of her lack of power on her social circle. So, this once ‘innocent’ girl who thought they â€Å"must tell the truth† took advantage of the situation so she and her friends would not be â€Å"whipped†. Overall, Mary arguably, has the most progressive power of all the girls and possibly all of the characters in ‘The Crucible’, but that’s not to say she has the most power overall. Another character like Mary Warren who gains power throughout the play is Abigail Williams. Once shunned and scorned by the inhabitants of the village because of her â€Å"blackened name†, Abigail becomes a domineering power, and is treated like a â€Å"saint†. A mere accusation from Abigail or one of her girls is enough to convict even a well-respected inhabitant of Salem like Rebecca Nurse who does â€Å"great charities†. Even though in present day we would associate â€Å"saint† with good Samaritans, which would seem absurd to see Abigail called this in present day, she was seen in this way because in puritan society if you went against god, you went against the law. So Abigail’s act of bringing Salem’s attention to the presence of the devil, and then through the court eradicating it was seen as an act of greatness. Abigail starts off as a scared young girl which is seen through Millers stage directions, as she â€Å"quavers† when being questioned by Parris about Betty’s mysterious illness. However, soon she is able to assert her power of the girls by â€Å"smashing† Betty round the face and threatening all the girls not to tell anyone about the events of the previous night, or she will â€Å"come† to them at the â€Å"black of one terrible night†. This implies they could be her prey, and if they make a wrong move she could pounce on them, which again puts her in a domineering position. This characteristic allows her to control within the group which creates more tension because Abigail also seems to be possessive which is seen when she says â€Å"Now look you. All of you†. The repetition of â€Å"you† makes the phrase quite aggressive and short commanding sentences have a strong impact, and make Abigail seem hostile but ultimately powerful. Her empowerment is also documented as the inhabitants of Salem think the â€Å"sea parts like Israel† for Abigail, so her sins are overlooked, as people take her word to be an expression of â€Å"God’s will. † This allowed Abigail to control and manipulate even the most powerful men in Salem, which is seen when Abigail threatens that Danforth- a high court official. So, Abigail Williams, who was once powerless in general society, is a perfect example of someone who became empowered by deciding the fate of other people and, by controlling and threatening people. Although, Abigail did have a powerful status among her social group from the outset and throughout which is shown when she starts â€Å"pointing with fear† and accusing Mary of â€Å"hurting her†, and quickly all the girls chime in with her. The third character who is subtly empowered is John Proctor. Despite his prideful ways, John Proctor describes himself as a â€Å"sinner. † His conversation with Elizabeth in act two where he exclaims for Elizabeth to â€Å"judge him not† demonstrated his internal conflict and his own unwillingness to forgive himself for his act of lechery. There are moments when his anger and disgust towards himself burst forth, such as when he exclaims to Judge Danforth: â€Å"I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours. † So, although it is not clear from the outset that John Proctor has been empowered, he has. He is able for the first time to â€Å"see some shred of goodness† in himself- his relief from his constant guilt- when he decides to deny his confession. In conclusion, all three characters were empowered through the play, which led to the unjust killing of numerous inhabitants of Salem through the false allegations of witchcraft. So, Miller uses this to show the audience the consequence of abuse of power. Abigail is the best example because she falls from her position of high power, and resorts to boarding a â€Å"ship†, in order to escape.

The Divorce Talk †Creative Writing Informal Essay

The Divorce Talk – Creative Writing Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers The Divorce Talk Creative Writing Informal Essay It was a Friday like any other Friday. I had just made the fifteen minute drive home from the bus stop. When I walked through the door, all I could think about was how hungry I was and all the math homework I had. Usually, when I got home from school, I had the house to myself for about three hours. My brother and parents were at work, so I could play my music as loud as I wanted and finish my homework without interruption. However, today was different. The house was not the welcoming quiet I was usually greeted with at the door. As I shut the door, I realized what was different, everyone was home, my brother, dad and mom. I decided to just shrug it off and go about my usual routine, I got a snack and started my homework. I was sitting on the floor in my room where I usually do my homework when my mom walked in. She greeted me with her usual, â€Å"How was school?† and â€Å"Do you have a lot of homework?† It was then, with a pained expression, that she told me what she really came into my room to say; that she and my dad wanted to have a talk. From that moment on, I knew there was going to be something different about this Friday. When my parents say they want to have a â€Å"talk† both my brother and I know it is never a good sign. A â€Å"talk† is usually an indication of some major catastrophe. The last family talk I can remember was about my Uncles colon cancer, and that talk had ended in tears. Immediately I had a sinking feeling that ran all the way to my feet, making them feel like bricks. As I walked toward the living room where all our family talks took place, I racked my brain to figure out what it was that my parents had to tell my brother and I. Finally, it hit me. I stole a glance in my brother’s direction, and from the look on his face we were thinking the same thing. His usual anything-goes expression was replaced by a look of uncertainty. We slumped onto the couch, not sure if we were ready for what was ahead. It was my mom who spoke first. â€Å"We want to tell you both first of all that we love you and nothing in the whole world could ever change that.† That was all she had to say to confirm that I knew what this talk was about. I had seen it coming, but I thought it I wouldnt be for a little while longer. â€Å"Your father and I aren’t getting along and we’ve tried everything,† she stated matter-of-factly, but i could see pain behind her blue eyes. Then she hesitantly continued, â€Å"We are getting a divorce†. Those words were like a slap in the face. It took a second for her words to sink in, but once they did, everything else that was said went in one ear and out the other. I was in complete shock. My whole world had been shaken, never to be the same again. My dad added, from his seat in the recliner, that he and my mom were there for us if we needed to talk, but that was the last thing I wanted to do. All I wanted to do was to go in my room and cry. I looked in my brother’s direction as we walked out of the room. We both were hurt deeply but had tried not to show it in front of our parents, so it was only when we were out of sight that the tears soaked our faces. When we reached the back of the house, he stopped and looked at me to see if I was hurting as bad as he was. It was then that he hugged me. There was a warmth that came from that hug that to this day I can’t describe. It calmed, soothed, and told me that everything was going to be all right. That hug was exactly what I needed and was the best hug that I’ve ever had. There is no doubt in my mind, on that day my life changed. I was no longer the girl with a perfect family, whose parents were still married. Even though this is the case, I can look back now and see that some good came out of the divorce. Before that day I’d never really cherished my relationship with each member of my family. I never thought about how much I enjoyed the car rides to school with my dad listening the golden oldies. I never realized how much my brother and I are alike. A simple look or a gesture can be like an entire conversation between us. I had not noticed how strong my mom is, and how hard she tried to make things work with my dad. She was doing that for my brother and I, she didnt want us to grow up with a broken family. The main thing I learned was that sometimes life is tough and unbearable, and it is in those times that you need a hug from someone who understands. Research Papers on The Divorce Talk - Creative Writing Informal EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtStandardized Testing

Chaos on the island

Chaos on the island In the novel Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, the reader can see how a society of boys quickly dissolves into a chaotic and erratic group of salvages. The boys, or any society for that matter, cannot safely function without proper leadership, law enforcement, and a structured environment. It is the lack of these three elements that lead to chaos on the island.Due to not having proper leadership, Ralph and Jack, two of the older boys, step up to lead the boys. Ralph and Jack have very different ways of leading the rest; Ralph tries to be nice and treat everyone as equals, yet jack realizes that this is not working and therefore chooses to show he is better by using violence and force. "I'm chief!' Viciously with full intention hurled his spear at Ralph. The point tore skin and flesh over Ralph's ribs then sheared off and fell into the water," (Lord of the Flies pg.181).English: Cottages, The Green, Marlborough William ...Jack was so worried about hunting and showing he i s tough that he forgets about the signal fire, leaving no way to be rescued. Ralph knows that the boys want to be rescued and is furious with Jack for letting the fire go out. "You talk. But you can't even build huts- then you go off hunting and let the fire out," (pg. 71). Golding focuses on leadership by writing about the battle between Jack and Ralph, yet he shows the reader that neither of the boys are mature enough to lead the boys safely.Law enforcement is not exactly present on the island, although to make the boys do what he wants, Jack simply uses violence and threat. Two boys are killed do to his violence and salvage behavior, being chief he is setting an example...

Case Analysis (Legal Methods) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Analysis (Legal Methods) - Essay Example The plaintiff sustained injuries as a result of the crash and attempted o claim compensation from the defendants on the grounds that they owed him a duty to ensure that the animals could not escape and get onto the highway where they might cause an accident. The area where the horses were kept did have a fence around them and it was not possible to reach a conclusion how the horses has managed to escape from the field. The fence had been flattened by the exiting horses and the judge came to the conclusion that the horses must have become frightened by someone or something and had bolted through the fence. The judge came to this decision despite lack of any concrete proof that this might be the case on the basis that the horses had never attempted to escape previously. Initially the plaintiff asserted a claim in negligence and under the Animals Act 1971. The negligence claim failed on the grounds that the animals were usually docile and the fence under such circumstances was adequate for its purpose. Judge O’Malley felt that the defendants had maintained an adequate state of repair to the enclosure and that the fencing was not below the standard required of a ‘reasonably careful and prudent owner’. It was therefore necessary for the plaintiff to rely on the strict liability for the damage under the Animals Act. Given that the defendants had been found not guilty of negligence the plaintiff had to rely on proving the horses were dangerous. The difficulty with this was that the horses were generally docile and had never previously escaped nor injured anyone. As the Act does not list horses as a dangerous species then the reliance was on Act which states "(2) Where damage is caused by an animal which does not belong to a dangerous species, a keeper of the animal is liable for the damage, except as otherwise provided by this Act, if-(a) the damage is of a kind which the animal,

Human Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Capital - Essay Example In the current scenario, people are the differentiators of a business enterprise; human capital is the profit lever of the knowledge economy. Human capital is the combination of genetic inheritance, education, experience and attitude towards life and business (Bontis & Fitz-enz, 2002). Human capital is the source of innovation and strategy. Sustained competitive advantage can accrue from a pool of human capital. Human capital adds value and is not substitutable. With these factors in mind, IBM, world's leading IT hardware, software and services company has devised its own strategy for recruitment and selection. Gordon (2002), states that organizations encounter difficulties in recruiting and retaining top talent because they have yet to deal with today's most critical human resources issues. It is essential to create a talent powered company consisting of highly motivated, skilled and loyal employees because such companies not only recruit the best but also retain the best through employee-centered strategies. In toady's world compensation packages do not matter. What is important is for the managers to take responsibility for retaining the best people. Managers need to meet their employees to discuss workplace concerns and possible solutions. If the managers are able to identify what the employees value, then they have the key to retention strategy that does not rely solely on financial benefits. Person-Organization (P-O) fit is the new approach that attempts to understand the selection process as this is directly related to talent retention within the organization (Westerman & Cyr, 2004) . Research suggests that the recruiters' perception of fit is often inaccurate as they are more predictive of hiring decisions than the actual fit between an applicant and the organization. High employee turnover is a consequence of poor P-O fit. IBM however follows a different system of recruitment and selection and is able to retain talent. They believe in equal opportunity, in work force diversity, they believe in promoting women and also re-employing the older staff. While HR practices were traditionally performed internally, companies have increasingly started outsourcing such activities. Recruiting and selection (R&S) has gradually become one of the most outsourced HR functions (Ordanini & Silvestri, 2008). According to the transaction cost principle if the cost of using the market is lower than that of internal production, it should be outsourced. The resource based view suggests that internal resources should be utilized for core competencies otherwise the activity should be externalized to preserve the internal resources for core functions. Based on these theories it has been considered profitable to outsource R&S functions and IBM too has taken such steps. In order for organizations to develop an image of 'employer of choice', they have to tread carefully in outsourcing recruitment (Thite, 2004). Mills (2002) says it is impossible to run the recruitment process single-handedly while simultaneously developing the core business. It is advisable to outsource the primary candidate selection and the first round of interviews while keeping the final selection decision with the company. Outsourcing recruitment process alleviates the administrative burden of sourcing and screening candidates with the right skills but Fish and Macklin (2004) caution the HRM professionals must ensure that the service providers have knowledge, integrity,