The Social Capital Theory ( Sct ) And Stakeholder Theory

Despite the conflicting nature between the social-capital theory (SCT) and stakeholder theory (ST), the role of ‘Corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) is a factor for a majority of organisations to gain an economic advantage amongst its competitors. Through globalisation, aspects involving profit maximisation and business reputation have become the primary influences of the ST. Alternatively, the minority of organisations engaging in CSR with the altruistic concern for the stability of the wider community and society, reflects the moral influences of values and stakeholder obligations. In summation, the internal objective of financial performance is dependent on the process that arises from CSR application to the inevitable outcome of profit maximisation within an organisation, thus re-enforcing the debate that is against altruistic form. The application of CSR is a multi-faceted concept that may be perceived in an altruistic matter, hence emphasized through the minor perspective of the ‘social-capital theory’. This social-capital theory (SCT) extends upon one’s own personal values and beliefs, which are determined throughout each managerial life. In relation to the supports by J. Cowley (2012), the assumption of CSR participation is considered an obligation towards those in the wider community, whilst claiming to be an opportunity for consumers to understand the business’ social values (p. 422). In response to the increasing demand from societalShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Settler Colonialism1729 Words   |  7 PagesSettler colonial theory (SCT) is a means for non-indigenous people to disturb colonial privilege accrued by settler societies from the displacement and suppression of indigenous peoples and their culture (Makoun Strakosch, 2013). Settler colonialism is a distinct form o f colonialism that facets by way of the substitute of indigenous populations with an invasive settler society that, over time, develops a unique identity and sovereignty. Settler colonial states include Canada, the U.S., AustraliaRead MoreThe Role of Network the Impact of Information Technology on Business Strategy Development in Construction Companies30104 Words   |  121 PagesUNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA FACULTY OF ECONOMICS MASTER’S THESIS The Impact of Information Technology on Business Strategy Development in Construction Companies Case Study of SCT and Mota-Engil Ljubljana, September 2007 Damir Mesarić IZJAVA Ã…  tudent Damir Mesarić izjavljam, da sem avtor tega magisterskega dela, ki sem ga napisal pod mentorstvom dr. AleÃ… ¡a Groznika ter somentorstvom dr. TomaÃ… ¾a ÄÅ'aterja in skladno s 1. odstavkom 21. Ä lena Zakona o avtorskih in sorodnih pravicah dovolim objavoRead MoreBba 8th Sem Report Purbanchal University8856 Words   |  36 Pagesclassroom years. An internship program is an educational plan which combines classroom theoretical knowledge and practical work experience in industrial, business, or government work situations. These help students to have opportunity to signify academic theories and principles to action, to test out career interests and to develop skills and abilities through carefully planned and supervised programs related to the career of their choice. Internship is a practical section of the BBA course required to be

Americas Great Depression - 1659 Words

The Great Depression is probably one of the most misunderstood events in American history. It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other Interventions can save capitalism from itself. Among the many myths surrounding the Great Depression are that Herbert Hoover was a laissez faire president and that FDR brought us out of the depression. What caused the Great Depression? To get a handle on that, its necessary to look at previous depressions and compare. The Great Depression was by no means the first depression this country ever had, but it was clearly the worst. What made it different than the rest? At the time†¦show more content†¦But there are some indicators that that is not responsible either. Detailed studies have been done to compare post-war business cycles with prior ones. At least one indicates that there was no improvement. Obvert Lucas m ade a key insight into the difficulties of managing the economy. Looking at post-World War II business Cycles, he argued that if one could choose between smoothing out the cycles completely and increasing the annual economic Growth by 0.1%, the latter would make people better off overall. As we consider the different policy options, it is important to keep this insight in mind as one more trade off that has to be considered. brbrThe Federal Reserve Board was created in 1913. Ostensibly, it was to act as the lender of last resort to prevent bank panics like the one that had occurred in 1907. Although some conspiracy minded folks might weave elaborate tales regarding its Creation, the reason is rather straightforward. The big banks simply wanted government protection and bailouts and were more than willing to endure a little government regulation in return. Like the Interstate Commerce Commission before it, the Federal Government would be staffed with people from the industry that it was supposedly a watchdog over and who would most likely feel that whats good for banks are good for America? Throughout the years preceding the Stock Market crash, the Federal Government did just that. The Federal Government setShow MoreRelatedAmericas Dark Days: The Great Depression727 Words   |  3 Pagesthousands of people end up homeless because they can not keep up with their bills and taxes. Jim J. Braddock and his family is one of many struggling families to keep basic needs for the family and will do anything to pay for the family expenses. The great depression creates turmoil in america and makes work impossible to get. â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† stock market was more bull market than a bear market by a landslide. In this occasion people were â€Å"buying on credit† instead of paying up front. 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However, the Great Depression erupted at a full forceRead MoreTo What Extent Did World War Two Help The United States Of America Recover From The Effects Of The Great Depression1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression To what extent did World War Two help the United States of America recover from the effects of the Great Depression? Nirbhay Bondili Historical investigation Mr. Lissina May, 1, 2017 Question: To what extent did World War Two help the United States of America recover from the effects of the Great Depression? Evaluation of sources Source 1: Steindl, Frank G. What Ended the Great Depression? It Was Not World War II. Independent Review 12, noRead More Roosevelt a Liberal and Hoover a Conservative Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pages Roosevelt a Liberal and Hoover a Conservative Thesis: Because the Great Depression quickly changed Americas view of liberalism, Roosevelt can be considered a liberal and Hoover a conservative, despite occasionally supporting similar policies. Written for the Advanced Placement U.S. History Document Based Question from the A.P. test. Hoover The political shifts in American history during the last two centuries are often explained by Arthur Schlesingers cyclical explanation of eras of publicRead MoreCulture during the 20s-40s: Great Gatsby1365 Words   |  6 PagesHistory has shown that music, dance and fashion have a great affect on society and culture. Iconic artists and performers, and particular events during these decades influenced many rebellious outbreaks going against societal norms. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† (1920-30), had a major impact on adolescent behavior in America, starting in New Orleans, moving into Chicago and later, New York City. Throughout the 1930s-1940s a new adolescent culture emerged, influenced by early upheavals during the 1920s. TheRead MoreThe Great Depression : The Fall Of A Nation1701 Words   |  7 PagesCollin Brunton Ms. Biondi English II 3 March 2015 The Great Depression: The Fall of a Nation The Great Depression was a hard time for America. The name fits like a glove because it was, in fact a depression. The Great Depression was crucial to American history because it changed every aspect of American life, revealed how big a power America was, and it established multiple government agencies around the world to make sure something like it never happens again. The economy was at a highpointRead MoreAmerica During Ww II : A Turning Point1299 Words   |  6 PagesPearl Harbor, â€Å"a date which will live in infamy,† and catalyzed a series of events that led to the initiation of America’s entrance into World War II- a war that healed and revolutionized the nation (World War†). America’s greatest success in the 20th century was its entrance and participation in World War II because for the first time: America was able to rebound from the Great Depression, women were given the opportunity to be strong and independent figures on the home front, and the nationwide mobilizationRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression1223 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many events throughout America’s history that are both significant and world famous. However, none were quite so traumatic or had such far-reaching consequences as the Great Depression. This experience was the most extended and severe depression of the Western world. It was an economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. A large amount of America’s labor force lost their jobs and suffered during this crisis. During the nation’s financial disaster, Franklin Delano Roosevelt

The Red Badge Of Courage Literary Critique free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper The Red Badge of Courage begins with the Youth ( Henry ) fixing to go forth to war. He has fabulous thoughts concocted in his head about triumph and gallantry. The Youth shortly finds that triumph and gallantry are a little portion in the luster of war. The Youth # 8217 ; s mind shortly becomes burdened with ideas of decease and running off from conflict. Certain plenty, in the thick of conflict, the Youth flees the battleground. The Young person must larn to cover with the shame he feels on abandoning his companions. When he returns to his cantonment he lies and says that he was separated during combat and was shot. The Young person is given another opportunity to contend and turn out he is non a coward. As the book progresses, the Youth learns to cover with his shame by experiencing honored for being a hero. In the terminal, the Youth becomes a adult male. We will write a custom essay sample on The Red Badge Of Courage Literary Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He learns that the most of import lessons in life can be seen by opening his eyes. I personally was attracted to the Youth. All his ideas and wild imaginativeness impressed me. He would depict decease as a being that could get down him whole, and jog on about fantastic sundowns. The Young person was besides a really troubled psyche. He worried a batch over things he might make and non the things he would make. For case, on page 34, he inquiries others in hope that their replies would soothe him. He feels disassocia ted from others, â€Å"The Youth, sing himself separated from the others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( p29 ) . Page 35 quotation marks, â€Å"He was a mental outcast.† He lacked self assurance and â€Å"continually tried to mensurate himself by his comrades.† ( p22 ) . Despite his sorrow, the Youth was originative and compared thoughts and objects to other thoughts and objects. â€Å"The conflict was like the grinding of an immense and awful machine.† I believe that the Youth brought the book to life through his life. At times I would happen myself believing, # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ve thought that excessively! # 8221 ; For illustration on page 127, the Youth announces that his life should be lived to his outlooks and non everyone else # 8217 ; s. I strongly agree with him on that thought. When the Youth was involved in difficult state of affairss, I pondered on what I would make and what determinations I would do. To exemplify, on page 80, when the young person ran, I decided I would hold stayed and fought for my self-respect if nil else. At the terminal of the book, Henry learns how of import life truly is and why. He learned that war trades with decease shame, and sorrow, non merely triumph and freedom. On page 266, Henry becomes a adult male. # 8220 ; He had been to touch the great decease, and found, after all, it was but the great death. # 8221 ; Henry looked decease in the eyes and fulfilled his dream of going a hero. He had earned the Red Badge of Courage.

30th Anniversary Special and Product Design free essay sample

From November 12, 2012 to March 25, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Jobs Performed in the Company a. TINUKIB – Iloilo Showroom and Souvenir Shop i. Modular Designs for Shelving ii. Space Planning iii. 3D Rendering using â€Å"Google SketchUp† and â€Å"Vray† iv. Floor Plan (autoCAD) v. Working Drawings of displays (autoCAD) b. TINUKIB – Iloilo Cafe i. 3D Rendering using â€Å"Google SketchUp† and â€Å"Vray† c. Technology Updating Workshop i. Bleaching and Dyeing of Fibers ii. Palm Frond Making iii. Hand papermaking iv. Papier Mache’ v. Finishing for Furniture vi. Finishing for Gifts and House Wares ii. Finishing for Paper and Paper Products viii. Lamination of Palm Husk and Seed d. Design Talks i. Rey Soliven – ii. Sionil Jose National Artist for Literature e. Lectures i. Benjamin – Trends and Forecast Sources ii. Rowe Requejo – Full Sizing and Furniture Aesthetics iii. Ben Bacamante – Creative Thinking f. CDPEAP Christmas Decor Designs g. CDPEAP-PDDCP-DTI Source Book in Indigenous Materials – New Design Team with Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on 30th Anniversary Special and Product Design or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Robert Alejandro of Papelmeroti i. Product Design ii. Product Development iii. Product Design Expansion iv. Book Layout v. Layout Cover vi. Prototype Supervising ii. Product Photo-shoot h. Ikenobo-Ikebana Society of Manila 30th Anniversary Celebration – Organizer with Dr. Romeo Balderama Jr. from CDPEAP i. Event Wall ii. Event poster for Shangri-La Plaza iii. Sarilikha Leaflets iv. Abaca Atelier Association Leaflets v. Anniversary Book Design vi. After Party Invitations i. Vina Domingo-Roy Exibit i. Opening Committee j. Manila FAME – PDDCP Booths and PDDCP Employees, Next One Now with CFIP-Cebu, Leslie Mejares, Rey Soliven and Joey Yupangco OTOP with Joanna Raymundo, Ryan Tresvalles and Jinggoy Buensuceso i. The OTOP Marketplace (Ingress) i. The OTOP Marketplace – Visual Merchandising Team iii. Next One Now Design Awards CFIP-Cebu – Assistant Judge for Lesti iv. PDDCP Information Booth v. PDDCP Booth Color Trends 2013 vi. The OTOP Marketplace (Egress) III. Experiences a. Knowledge i. Applied from School ii. Learned from Training b. Skills i. Applied ii. Developed c. Values i. Learned ii. Applied d. Human Relationships i. Observed ii. Applied IV. Problems a. School b. Company V. Suggestions and Recommendations VI. Requirements a. Daily Work Activities b. Time Records c. Evaluation Sheet d. Certificate

Michelangelo and Da Vinci free essay sample

With being talented artists of the renaissance both Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci had the dream of bringing art to its original form but with different perspectives on how to portray their art, Michelangelo and Leonardo demonstrated their creations differently? Michelangelo was borne on March 6, 1475 in Caprice Italy, his full mane was Michelangelo di Lodonico Buonarroti Simoni; his father was serving briefly as a magistrate in the small town where he had recorded the birth of his second son of five which he had with his wife, Francesca Neri. They returned to Florence while Michelangelo was still an infant during his mother’s illness, which Michelangelo had to be placed with a family of stonecutters, (â€Å"Michelangelo,†2013). When it came to schooling Michelangelo was less interested in watching the painters and nearby churches and also drawing what he saw according to (Varsari, Condivi and Varchi), or maybe it could have been one of if grammar school friend, Francesco Granacci, who has introduces Michelangelo to the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio; which has made his father realized that Michelangelo was not interesting in the family financial business, so he agree to apprentice his son at the age of thirteen, (â€Å"Michelangelo,†2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Michelangelo and Da Vinci or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the Florentine painters workshop Michelangelo was exposed to the technique of fresco, he only spend one year at the work spot when and opportunity arrived. With the recommendatation of Ghirlandaio, Michelangelo moved in to the palace of the Florentine ruler Lorenzo the Magnificent one of the power Medici family. During 1489 to1492 was one of the fertile years for Michelangelo during that time with the Medici family, (â€Å"Michelangelo,†2013). Michelangelo also study under the Beltordo di Giovanni the sculptor, who as exposed him to prominent poet’s scholars and learners of the Humanist. He obtains a special permission from the Catholic Church to study cadaver in anatomy and the exposure of corpses. Michelangelo consider his self as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and a poet and also as a Florentine one of the most famous artist in the Italian Renaissance time, (â€Å"Michelangelo. †2013). Michelangelo thought of himself first as a sculptor with regar ds of the calling of his superior painting, because his sculptor shares something like the divine power to â€Å"make man†, (Kleiner 2010). His self imposed and isolation, creative furies, proud independency, and his daring independency had led the Italian to speak about his dominating quality of his work in one word (terribilita), (Kleiner 2010, pg. 467). During his time he painted: The Last Judgment, The Creation of Adam and also The Sistine Chapel Ceiling. Before starting the painting Julius ll had suspended the work on his tomb, the pope had gave the bitter Michelangelo to paint the ceiling (fig. 17-1) of the Sistine Chapel during 1508. He insisted that painting was not his profession, at that moment painting was consider secondary he was focus in sculpture at that time. He faces enormous difficulties in painting the Sistine ceiling. First he had to address the ceiling dimension, heights of the pavement, (Kleiner 2010). The first part of the Sistine Chapel that Michelangelo had completed had to be redone, due to the faulty preparation of the intonaco, but yet in less than four years it took Michelangelo to produce a monumental fresco to incorporate his patron agenda, the Church doctrine and also the artist interest. Michelangelo succeed in putting together more than 300 figures in to an ultimate grand drama of a human race in to this portrait, (Kleiner 2010). The Sistine Chapel Ceiling entails the creation and record of Genesis which runs along the crowns of the vaults, from God’s Separation of the Light and Darkness, including the Darkness of Noah, so when the viewer enter the church they could walk and look up and review the history of the fall of umankind, (Kleiner 2010), and the other side appear the Hebrews prophets and pagans sibyls which foretold the coming of Christ, who appear seated in the large throne on both sides. Michelangelo places four Old Testament scenes with David, Judith, Haman, and Moses and the Brazen serpent, lesser figures also appears and the ancestor of Christ fill the triangular compartment below the window, with nudes youths who punctuates the corners of the panels, he uses shades of grays to imitate the sculpture and support the painting cornice of the entire central corridor, (Kleiner 2010). The idea of the ceiling design was to bring back the chronology of Christianity but also keeping up with the Renaissance ideas of Christian history and the conflict between evil and good and also the energy of the youth and the wisdom of age, the concept of the ceiling was outstanding and the articulation of it with thousand of details was for a super human achievement (Kleiner 2010). Michelangelo did not paint the original tradition of the Creation of Adam but instead he produces a humanistic interpretation of the momentous event, (Kleiner 2010). Here we see the confrontation between God and Adam, which Adam is still part of earth, the Lord wrap around on a cloud of drapery by his power. The Lord as ruler of the world indicates how easily the Renaissance joined the classical Christian traditions (Kleiner 2010). Under the sheltering arm of God a female figure is show, many thing is Eve, but many know is the Virgin Mary (with the Christ Child at her knee), according to the author the second identification is correct them Michelangelo had incorporated his fresco essential tenets of Christian faith, which is the belief that Adam Original sin let to sacrifice of Christ for the redemption of humankind, (Kleiner 2010). While God reaches out for the hand of Adam, the viewers could follow the motion with their eyes, from left to right, meanwhile Adam’s left harm is extended will lead the eyes back to the right, along the right of the Lord’s right arm, shoulders, and left arm to his left forefinger, who his pointed toward Christ Childs face, (Kleiner 2010). Therefore the fingertips of Adam and the Lord are off point, that’s why Michelangelo replace the architectural axes; which was found in Leonardo composition with curves and diagonals. Michelangelo in the Last Judgment here he painted Christ as the stern judge of the world, a giant who raises his arm at the world suggesting that he will destroy all creation of the universe; while the choirs of heaven his surrounding him, the trumpeting angels and the ascending figures, on the left the death awake with the assume flesh; and on the right the demons and the gargoyles mask with the burning eyes revives the demons of Romanesque tympana (fig. 1-16) who tormented the damned, (Kleiner 2010). More over the author describe Michelangelo in a terrifying vision which of the faith that awaits the sinners, that goes far beyond the gruesome images (fig. 16-41). One of the judges Saint Bartholomew who was skinned alive, which holds the flying knife and the skin, these figures are huge and violently twisted. In those days Christ wrath and Judgment Day, was also hold out of hope; a group of save souls where selected and the crowd around Christ and the others on the far right figures appears with a cross, more likely the good thief, (Kleiner 2010). In another illustration the author describe with detail the intention of Michelangelo while he was painting The Last Judgment, here he discuss how the saint in a more vivid way was suffering; the details of (the eyes, the twist of the chest). The author assumed that this new work will bring the attention of the viewers and also the beauty of the work, more than the atrocity of the nails, ropes, and chains, (Barnes, B. 1995) Leonardo was now as one of the greatest artist in history; he could claim the job title of architect, astronomer, botanist, sculptor, anatomist physiologist, geologist, and physicist, as well as military, mechanical, civil, and aeronautical engineer, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Leonardo Da Vinci was born in the town of Vinci Italy near Florence in 1452. He received his training in the studio of Verecchio, daVinci move to Milan at the age of twenty-nine were he did work for Ludivico Sforza de Duke of Milan, until Milan fell to Louis XlV of France. Da Vinci in a letter to the Duke letting him know his talent, he could carry out his talent in sculpture in marble, bronze, or clay, and he also let the duke know that he could also do it in painting as well. His interest in anatomy did not begin until later in his life, these Renaissance artists were among the first to begin to examining corpses; looking at this famous painters and wondering why the interest in cadavers, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Da Vinci drawing went beyond the musculoskeletal system to be able to understand the inner structure of the function of the human body, Michelangelo had dissected more than 30 cadaver for the only reason was that Pope Leo X had forbade him from performing human dissection. From dissecting cadaver Michelangelo when to study how the muscle work to produce motion, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Therefore according to the authors that da Vinci contribution to the study in the system where complicated by his depiction of the animal anatomy, which he assumed to be the same as a human. However Michelangelo contribution to the anatomy and the physiology of the system are very immense; hi was the first to equate the quantity of the urine the amount of the blood and the passing through of the kidney, (Wise, O’Leary, Patrick, 2001). Leonardo and his patronage move to the French royal family where he spends his reminded of his life between Milan, Florence, Venice and France. Leonardo was one of the most prominent artist of the Renaissance who begging examining corpses, between his corpses and his painting, Leonardo created most of the wonderful painting during his time; which will be discuss as follow: The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper and also The Madonna of the Rock. The Mona Lisa is the world most famous portrait, according to Leonardo, Giorgio Vasari, Mona Lisa portrait was the wife of Francesco del Giocondo; her name was Lisa di Antonio Maria Gherardini, it was a contraction between ma domna, â€Å"my lady), (Kleiner 2010). According to the Renaissance etiquette which dictates that women should never look in to a man’s eyes; this portrait is a convincing representation of and individual, (Kleiner 2010). Leonardo Mona Lisa according to the author (page 46, fig. 17-5) sitter’s are still the subjects of the scholarly debate and the portrait is also a convincing representation of an individual, unlikely earlier portrait this one does not serve only as an icon of status but as a respected and novel woman and a serious look that makes the viewers wonders, who is Mona Lisa and what she represent in this portrait, (Kleiner 2010). The portrait of the Mona Lisa represents a woman sitting with her hands folded and not wearing jewel, while her mouth is forming a gently smile while she gaze directly to the viewers attention. The painter skills had a chiaroscuro and atmospheric perspective to his display, the painting is darker today but the colors less vivid; still reveal the artist fascination. The Mona Lisa was a prime example to Leonardo smoky sfumato, (Kleiner 2010) The painting describe by Nicholas Ge’s that in 1862 that the Russian painter has undertook and repeating Leonardo’s social and theological post Romantic age. According to the author here in the painting of the Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, is describing the moment and the tension of the betrayal of Judas decision whether or not to leave the room, while the tension of a possible outcome of negative or positive; which depend on Judas decision, (Inessa, M. 2004). , while the act of the Eucharist took place. The figure of Judas is show that he is ready to step out with his head bend down. The author discuss about his fundamental point of the nineteenth-century Russian artistic vision of the Last Supper which are inseparable from the Orthodox notion and the Eucharistic notion as well; in which the scene of the Last Supper is a paradoxically and not central. In the Russian mind the Last Supper became a central focus and not a theological or liturgical, phenomenon, because the Russian literature and holds a mirror to his agon, nd recording his points of views in the debates and also taking sides in it, (Inessa, M. 2004). During the second half of the nineteenth century, religious themes were flourished in European art, this has influence Schleiermacher, David Friedrich Strauss, and Renan’s La Vie de Jesus (1863) as well and as posed a serious challenge to these artists. Therefore these writers has urged every artist to imbue traditional religious subjects with naturalism and to impos e religious as a meaning scenes as an everyday life, (Inessa, M. 2004). The author describe the painting of the Last Supper of a moment and between the announcement of the betrayal of Judas deciding to leave or not to leave the room, while the tension is sustained and there is a possibility of a positive or negative outcome; this is all depend on the outcome of Judas as well as Jesus, all of these responses are all possible outcomes, (Inessa, M. 2004). While Christ is looking down but not serene he is tormented, if you watch Judas leave while John no longer laying on God chest but standing at his side. Where the lights flow behind the disciples and also fall over their heads in the middle of the room. Ge achieves blackness without using a stroke of black, while his decision was not by purely technical consideration. The density and the intensity of the colors shadow of brown, taupe, auburn and mahogany which Ge employed in sculpting the others disciples, (Inessa, M. 2004). Leonardo after settling in Milan he painted the Madonna of the Rock, for the chapel of the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception in San Fresco Grande. In this painting Leonardo uses the gesture and the pyramidal composition of the Virgin, Saint John the Baptist, Christ the Child and angels; these figures share the same lights. He uses oil painting which previously is used mostly by the Northern European, (Kleiner, 2010). Madonna of the Rock was built on Masaccio’s as an understanding and usage of chiaroscuro, which the play in the light and the dark, while modeling with the light and the shadow and the expression the emotional states, which for Leonardo the heart of the painting represent the Madonna of the Rock as a pyramidal grouping and notably in sharing the same environment, (Kleiner 2010). The groundbreaking achievement which unified the presentation of the objects in an atmospheric setting is a manifestation of Leonardo scientific curiosity regarding the invisible substance which surrounds everything. Here in the Madonna of the Rock, Leonardo describe with detail the painting; from the color of the background to the depth of each figures and the position, (Kleiner 2010). Leonardo painting, The Madonna of the Rock represents the Virgin which completes the series interlocking the gesture of her left hand reaching forward the Christ Child and her right hand resting on John’s shoulder. While the melting mood and tenderness, caressing the light enhancing the surface of the entire mood, (Kleiner, 2010). The similarities between Michelangelo, and da Vinci is the time period which both artist lived and worked. Da Vinci was twenty-three older than Michelangelo which both where active at the same time until the death of da Vinci in the year of 1959; while Michelangelo lived for another 45 years. As artists they both work in the same regions with limited supply, they both will compete for commissions, (Kroll, J. ) Therefore by the time Michelangelo became an artist da Vinci has already establish his work, and while Michelangelo work was establish da Vinci had already retired to France. During the renaissance both artist Michelangelo and da Vinci where always commissioned by the Church to create interior art base regarding Biblical stories. Da Vinci most famous work was the one called â€Å"The Last Supper†, and with Michelangelo as well his most famous painting was the â€Å"Sistine Chapel† roof which display several books from Genesis, and his second painting title â€Å"The Last Judgment†, (Kroll, J. Even thought Michelangelo is known as a sculptor da Vinci is known for his sketches and his inventions, both artists are more notable for their painting; Michelangelo and ad Vinci worked with bright and realistic compositions of characteristics of an artist during the period of the Renaissance. While ad Vince pay more attention to the fabric and the draping of his subjects w hile in heavy clothes; Michelangelo figures are often larger, (Kroll, J. ) Both painters had their differences in particular, Leonardo with his intellectual and analytical mind which he preferred painting rather than sculpting, Leonardo looked at sculpting as degrading and manual labor; while Michelangelo at the other hand regard himself as a sculptor . (Kleiner 2010). Michelangelo and da Vinci both been artist during the Renaissance had their dreams, both artist brought their painting in to a new perspective and creativity; with different aspect they both uses mannerism in their painting.

Imperialist vs Anti- Imperialist essays

Imperialist vs Anti- Imperialist essays The United States has had a long tradition of territorial expansion across the continent so it is easy to understand why the notion of imperialism was so easily accepted by such a large number of people. And to back this imperialist sentiment we had things like the Monroe Doctrine, the Manifest Destiny, Social Darwinism, overabundance of industrial goods, and the military advantages of acquiring new territory. There were others who felt much differently about the concept of imperialism. The other group of people felt it was wrong so they formed the Anti-Imperialist League. The Anti-Imperialist League fought and campaigned against imperialism. And aiding the anti-imperialist sentiment were the struggles for Cuban and Filipino independence, the true meaning of independence, Whenever we felt the need to expand our boundaries and acquire new territories we would purchase, negotiate, or conquer the desired land. These were the methods we used to acquire territories like Florida, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, California, and Oregon, from England, France, and Spain. Our imperialist ways are precisely the reason why we own as much of the country as we do. I mean if we would have left it up to England, France, or Spain they would still own the other half of our country. But, our imperialist motives did not stop there first we had the Monroe Doctrine, which expressed U.S. hostility towards Europeans intervening in affairs occurring in our half of the hemisphere. Later an idea called Manifest Destiny emerged this was the idea that since we were of Anglo-Saxon decent we were superior and our industrial, political, and military strength were proof of that superiority thus we carried the responsibility to extend our rule and prosperity to the less-able people. The ...

Listening to a new radio station Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Listening to a new radio station - Essay Example Generally, I listen to all types of music. I like to sample the various offerings of radio stations and enjoy variation. Admittedly, my favorite types of music are Rock and Metal. I am able to tolerate all types of music but country music is the exception to the rule. I hate the "twang" of the accent and don't find the music to be inspirational at all. To prepare and complete this assignment, I set my cell phone and car radio to country stations. On my phone I usually listen to the internet radio and I have my personal favorite radio stations saved. I created and added a country station to my favorites and listened to the stations for the same amount of time that I would normally listen to my preferred stations. The second day listening to country music was actually funny, I got in my car in a hurry, when I turned on the ignition started playing country and without thinking I turned off the radio, then I remembered why it was on that station. I turned it on again and struggled all th e way to work, the same happened with my phone, I turned it on and off so quick! I can't believe how desperate I was to avoid this assignment! I think that while I love the messages that the country songs attempt to convey, the music is just so depressing.

Turkey and the Kurdish today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Turkey and the Kurdish today - Essay Example Civil uprisings have often taken place leading to deaths of thousands of people, most of them being Kurds and members of KPP. However, recent attempts by Premier Egrogan to bridge the gap between the Kurds and the Turkish armed forces have yielded positive results. This paper goes on to discuss the history of the Kurds in Turkey, how they have been treated over the period of time and what attempts have been made by the current government to solve this issue. Essay The Republic of Turkey, as it is officially known was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in first quarter of the nineteenth century. According the official census of 1990, the country has a population of fifty seven million people (Gunter, Michael M., 2007). Although ninety nine percent of the population in the country consists of Muslims, the rest one percent is also allowed complete freedom to carry on their religious and social activities just like their Muslim counterparts. The Kurds comprise of a significant number of pe ople in Turkey. Even though the national language of Turkey is Turkish, Kurds speak a different language which is a mixture Indo and European Languages. Discrimination against the Kurds has always been a key issue in this country and this community has been facing a hard time ever since the creation of the country. Kamal Ataturk in his life time did discuss the issue of Kurds at various special forums. In the Turkish parliament session he once said, â€Å"North of Kirkuk there are Kurds as there are Turks, and we never discriminated against them†. However the situation hasn’t been as good as it sounds. Even after eighty two years of independence, the fourteen million plus Kurds of Turkey have been facing a hard time - often being prejudiced against, kicked out of their homes and villages, tortured, raped and killed. To maintain their status quo, the Kurds have fought back time and again against the government. Although there have been various fights, none of them has b een as fierce as the one in 1984 by the banned organization called Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Over the years these fights have resulted in thousands of deaths with almost forty thousand of them being of members of the PKK. The major reason for the conflict between the Turkish state and Kurds has been the call for a separate province. The Iraqi Kurds have always called for a separate province, Kurdistan, and just the mere existence of this word is a taboo for the Turkish state. The rationale behind this fear is that the creation of Kurdistan by the Iraqi Kurds can provoke the Turkish Kurds to rebel against the state and take with them bits of Turkish territory. For decades the Turkish government has seen the issue of Kurds as one of terrorism caused by the PKK. However it is very interesting to see that when various countries back the PKK (due to the fact that PKK is seen by others as a party fighting for the rights of the Kurds), the Turks say that this goes on to prove that no one really wants to see a healthy Turkish economy to grow into an European superpower. Even if all what is mentioned were to be true, factually Turkey is home to almost 17 million Kurds, many of them being those who don’t even support the PKK and its acts. It is also widely reported that Kurds have been treated very unfairly in Turkey. This point was proved when a report from The European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance spoke about injustices prevailing in Turkey. The report says that the Kurds’

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - Term Paper Example Prior to the HR Act 1998, any individual seeking to challenge the government on breach of rights as provided by the Convention, usually sought refuge at the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg, after proving that there was no remedy in the courts in the United Kingdom. From the perspective of individuals, the HR Act 1998 has implications at the workplace, in the development of legislation, ministerial decisions and use of government policy regarding prosecutions or the enforcement of law (Home Office, 2000). Implications of HR Act 1998 The HR Act 1998 came into force in 2000. From the time it came into force it strengthens and gives effect to the rights and freedoms that are available to all citizens through the ECHR. The HR Act 1998 on its own has not created any new statutory or common law rights, but it places the onus of responsibility on public authorities like government departments, local authorities, borough councils, health authorities and the law enforcement agenci es to take actions in such a way that it is compatible to the rights provided to individuals by ECHR. Furthermore, the HR Act 1998 also makes courts and tribunals duty bound to take into consideration any relevant judgment, decision, declaration or advisory opinion of the European Court of Human Rights into consideration when settling disputes over ECHR conferred rights in the United Kingdom. In such an exercise, it is also necessary for the courts to take into consideration any opinion or decision of the European Commission for Human Rights and the decision of the Committee of Ministers under Article 46 on the jurisdiction of the European Commission for Human Rights. In addition, the reading of primary and subordinate legislation in the United Kingdom must be read in such a way as not to reduce their validity, continuing operation and validity and given effect in a compatible manner to the ECHR (Chandler, 2003). An important distinction has to be borne in mind in that the HR Act of 1998 has only vertical direct effect. This means that only civil servants and public sector undertaking employees can sue their employees, which include government departments, local authorities, borough councils, the police and other public or quasi-public authorities for damages for any believed breaches of their rights guaranteed under ECHR. This avenue is not available for private sector employees. Workers in the private sector having grievances with regard to breach of one or more of their statutory or contractual rights may pray on the basis of a particular right as provide by the ECHR, but cannot bring proceedings against employers solely on the basis of the alleged breach of this right provided by ECHR. However, the can expect the courts in the United Kingdom to interpret the law in a way that foes no harm to their rights guaranteed trough ECHR (Chandler, 2003). Thus full implications of the HR Act 1998 to a certain degree will depend on the manner in which interpretation o f primary and subordinate legislation in the United Kingdom is read against alleged breaches of human rights as guaranteed by the ECHR. Criticism of the HR Act 1998 lies in this aspect, for it is not clearly worded and the English judiciary has been used to examining words in detail, but will now have to examine and interpret on the basis of purpose and intent and also take into consid

Lundie Conservation Area Analysis

Lundie Conservation Area Analysis Introduction The purpose of this document is to identify the character and appearance of the Lundie conservation area and also to define special qualities of architectural and historic interest. This document is seeking to find out if the area merits being considered as a Conservation Area and the protection it merits. This information will be used to manage change in the Conservation area to ensure its preservation or enhancement. The character analysis in this document, together with Angus Council’s Development Plan and Advice Notes that relate to development in conservation areas, will inform the assessments of development proposals and other changes against the impact on the character or appearance as stated in the Planning Act, 1997 under the Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas. There are major parts of the character and appearance of Lundie that cannot be overlooked that, they need to be stated as guidelines for designers and developers to conform to. Character appraisals provide the opportunity to inform residents about the special needs and characteristics of the area and help developers identify and formulate development proposals. 1.1 Purpose of the Guidance This appraisal will be a tool which be used to control and manage and also help to point out the special interest and also be abreast with the changes in the area. It serves as supplementary planning guidance to the Angus area council. The design guidance established will aid the assessment of development proposals. 1.2 Objectives of the Guidance The character appraisal will; Provide background information regarding the historical and architectural interest of Lundie, in particular the conservation area Review the existing conservation area Help local authorities to develop a management plan for the conservation area by analysing what is positive and negative, and identify opportunities for beneficial change or the need for additional protection and restraint. 1.3 Methodology Visual Analysis and Art-Historical Analysis was used in this document to appraise the character of Lundie conservation area. Aesthetic, Perceptive and Phenomenological Analysis was used as the basis for the general Visual analysis. It, thus, is an attempt to relate judgment from visual analysis through what was experienced with my eyes by moving through the conservation area, navigating my way from one place to another by identifying landmarks and also by looking at the emotional and conceptual connections co notated through the ‘meaning’ of the place and ‘structure’ of the place to the particular assessment criteria such as scenic beauty, what makes the place deserve the status of a conservational area, architectural interests, archaeological interests and community historic preference. The main purpose of this kind of study is to identify, measure, and evaluate the characteristics or qualities of Lundie Conservation area. Art-Historical Analysis was also u sed to analyse historical and monumental interests in the area by recording the historical, archaeological and architectural character. Existing literature on Lundie conservation area was also consulted. Though realising the fact that analysis by aesthetic qualities is very personal, depending highly on the individual’s taste and socializing experiences, using the other forms of analysis mentioned above which in is not subjective but to some extent objective, helped to achieve a balanced character appraisal. 1.4 Location and Setting Lundie is a parish and small hamlet in Angus, Scotland, 10 miles (16km) northwest of Dundee, situated at the head of the Dighty valley in the Sidlaws, off the A923 Dundee to Coupar Angus road. In 1882-4, Frances Groomes Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland described Lundie like this, â€Å"Lundie, a village and a parish of SW Forfarshire. The village stands 3 miles WSW of Auchterhouse station, 6 ESE of Coupar-Angus, and 9 NW by W of Dundee, under which it has a post office. The parish is bounded N by Newtyle, E by Auchterhouse, S by Fowlis-Easter in Perthshire, and W by Kettins. Its utmost length, from W by N to E by S, is 4 miles; its utmost breadth is 3 miles; and its area is 4296  ¼ acres, of which 1075/6 are water†. 1.5 Reason for Designation This is an area of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance. The Conservation Area will consist of the whole village of Lundie, including: — The Manse, Smithy Cottage, Gamekeepers Cottage, (The Edinburgh Gazette 27 September 1991). Lundie has significant architectural and historic interest as. The Lundie parish church which was dedicated to St Lawrence was once the property of the priory of St Andrews. Inside the church is a War memorial plaque commemorating parishioners who died in World War 1. Preserving and enhancing these key features led to the designation of the whole village of Lundie as a Conservation Area in 1991. 1.6 Lundie Conservation Area and The Conservation Area Boundary Lundie Conservation Area was designated on 8th of July, 1991 (The Edinburgh Gazette 27 September 1991) and an Article 4 put in place on the 16th of September, 1992. (The Edinburgh Gazette 20 October 1992) Using the Church as the pivot, the conservation area encompasses the main Lundie village where most of the properties are. It starts from the Smitty Cottage on the north-western side, goes around the Sawmill Cottage on the north then down to Kirkton FarM Cottage. It continues down to the Old School all the way to Oaksydix building on the south-eastern side, then around the Lundie Mill and goes up along the road to Rowanholme building. It then goes down along the road on the left towards the Manse building to the south. It then goes up north to the Well and then extends to the right towards the Village Hall past the Pump to Smitty Cottage. 1.7 Conservation Areas More than 600 conservation areas are in Scotland and of this, 19 are under the Angus Council. Conservation areas can be said to be places within or the entire village, town or city which contain areas of special historic or architectural character which needs protection or enhancement. They are designated by planning authority as being areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which they have the desire to preserve or enhance. These interests create the character of an area and any new development should be carefully assessed to ensure that it if permitted, will blend into the character of the area and not cause a blight on the character of the area. Designating a conservation area should not be seen as prohibiting change but as a means to carefully manage change to ensure the character and appearance of these areas are safeguarded and enhanced for the enjoyment and benefit of future generations. The public are consulted on any proposals to d esignate conservation areas or change their boundaries. The management of conservation areas is under the management of the local authority it falls under. 1.8 The Legal and Policy Framework Conservation areas identification can be traced back to the coming into force of the Civic Amenities Act, 1967. The government BY then recognised how important it was to protect areas in totality as against individual buildings, from indiscriminate developments and wide scale demolition of buildings in areas selected for slum clearances. Therefore, while individual buildings of special or unique characteristics may be of important, what should be considered is the group value of the buildings in the area, the buildings orientation, street design, public space and greenery which all contribute to the character and identity of a place. Considering it carefully, these same factors make up or come together to form the character of a conservation area. This 1967 law is now one way or the other replicated in The Town and Country Planning Act, 1990 and The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act of 1990. The Planning Act of 1990 empowers local planning authorities to review a lready existing conservation areas within their jurisdiction, designating new areas and coming up with character appraisal or place analysis and management plan proposals for the protection, preservation and enhancement of these conservation areas. Consent is required from the appropriate authority for any activity that is going to change or in any way affect the character of the area. The character or appearance of a conservation area through the demolition of a building and/or the construction of a new building can be significantly altered and lose some of the justification for its designation. 1.9 Conservation Areas in Angus There are currently 19 Conservation Areas in Angus of which Lundie Conservation Area is part of and six of them including Lundie conservation area have Article 4 Directions on them. The Article 4 Directions are further ways of making sure that these conservation areas maintain their character and uniqueness. There are additional laws that control the way in which buildings can be altered and planning permission is needed if such alterations are deemed to affect the character of the conservation area and trees in conservation areas are no exception. Angus Council is committed to preparing character appraisals for all the conservation areas under it and in addition it also publishes guidance on matters affecting these conservation areas. A planning application which is seen to have the potential to disrupt the character of a Conservation Area must be published in the local press and a notice posted near the site. Angus Council must then give a 21 day period for objections and comments to be put across before considering the application.

african history :: essays research papers

Zuni Lucero and Simon Ortiz make compelling points in their papers. They talk about the differences in the two cultures. How they changed schools and saw both sides of their ever changing world at a young age. How being integrated into a white community changed them, and how they felt some what of an outsider going back to their native communities. Threw their writing they can elaborate and share these experiences to those of us who have only one culture to fit into.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all can relate to changing schools or even starting school for the first time. One who has never experienced this can only imagine being of a different culture, speaking a different language, looking differently and being the â€Å"new kid.† Lucero best describes this when she states, â€Å"Made conscious of the â€Å"otherness† of Indians, my world began to divide into a world of Us and Them.† Ortiz tells about her struggle in school to not speak a language he was accustoming to. â€Å"Children in school were punished and looked upon with disdain if they did not speak and learn English quickly and smoothly.† (30) He also uses the words â€Å"corporal punishment† and â€Å"ostracism† to describe the feeling, and possibly real, threats he lived with if he did not abide by the rules being forced on them. (30) This would be more than enough for any one to rebel, but he did not. One thing that stood out in his description o f what he was enduring was the love he had for language. He states, â€Å"I loved language, the sound, meaning, and magic of language.† (30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lucero connected with me she was telling about her adventure of seeing snow for the first time, and the different structures of the houses for what she was use to in her community. If one had not seen a paved road in their life, it would be a strange site. (30) The thought of what these people endured should enrage most of us. Think about our children being called â€Å"stupid Indian/savages.† There would be some one fighting in the street or some one suing some one else. Who could these people fight, an entire nation? Who would they sue, the government? It has been made clear that most of these people’s rights had been taken away. They were forced to conform or be ridiculed. Ortiz says it best with â€Å"†¦ the intent of U. african history :: essays research papers Zuni Lucero and Simon Ortiz make compelling points in their papers. They talk about the differences in the two cultures. How they changed schools and saw both sides of their ever changing world at a young age. How being integrated into a white community changed them, and how they felt some what of an outsider going back to their native communities. Threw their writing they can elaborate and share these experiences to those of us who have only one culture to fit into.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all can relate to changing schools or even starting school for the first time. One who has never experienced this can only imagine being of a different culture, speaking a different language, looking differently and being the â€Å"new kid.† Lucero best describes this when she states, â€Å"Made conscious of the â€Å"otherness† of Indians, my world began to divide into a world of Us and Them.† Ortiz tells about her struggle in school to not speak a language he was accustoming to. â€Å"Children in school were punished and looked upon with disdain if they did not speak and learn English quickly and smoothly.† (30) He also uses the words â€Å"corporal punishment† and â€Å"ostracism† to describe the feeling, and possibly real, threats he lived with if he did not abide by the rules being forced on them. (30) This would be more than enough for any one to rebel, but he did not. One thing that stood out in his description o f what he was enduring was the love he had for language. He states, â€Å"I loved language, the sound, meaning, and magic of language.† (30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lucero connected with me she was telling about her adventure of seeing snow for the first time, and the different structures of the houses for what she was use to in her community. If one had not seen a paved road in their life, it would be a strange site. (30) The thought of what these people endured should enrage most of us. Think about our children being called â€Å"stupid Indian/savages.† There would be some one fighting in the street or some one suing some one else. Who could these people fight, an entire nation? Who would they sue, the government? It has been made clear that most of these people’s rights had been taken away. They were forced to conform or be ridiculed. Ortiz says it best with â€Å"†¦ the intent of U.

Empowerment of three main characters in The Crucible Essay

During ‘The Crucible’ the acts which unfold able some characters to empower themselves: most notably Abigail Williams, Mary Warren and even John Proctor. Some characters begin with little or no power, then abuse the situations to gain power, whereas others begin with power and lose it, sometimes justly and other times unjustly. This could be seen as a moral message for the audiences of the play, warning of power abuse which could lead to devastating consequences. In the introductory comments, Miller comments before the events begin to unfold how â€Å"†¦the children were anything but thankful for being permitted to walk straight† which shows before the witchcraft trials and accusations had begun, children were powerless under the authority of the male dominated society -children had no power to roam freely. One of the people that gained power in the play is Mary Warren, who is a servant and so is one of the lowest ranks of the Puritan society- much like the children of Salem. At first she does not have any power at all as she is taught that she has to follow orders from the Proctors, who she works for. This is seen when she â€Å"lept† with â€Å"fright† upon Proctors entrance. Yet, she manages to turn from a â€Å"mouse† to a â€Å"daughter of a prince† as she suddenly gains power from working in the court, trying possible witches. Her increasing power is also shown from her defiance of Proctor when she refuses his order of not going to â€Å"court again†, and responds that she â€Å"must† and â€Å"will be gone everyday†. It also shown through stage directions, when Mary is â€Å"terrified† of Proctor but quickly becomes â€Å"erect†, which highlights her ability to overcome her fear of Proctor because of her growing confidence and power. Mary even manages to intimidate Proctor in this part of the play. When threatened with the â€Å"whip† from Proctor, she manages to threaten him further by responding â€Å"I would have you speak civilly to me, from this out. † Mary, filled with this newly found power, is able to threaten Procter to stop beating her or she will not speak so highly of his family next time. By using the phrase â€Å"from this out† shows that Mary doesn’t usually expect that kind of treatment from the Proctor, yet now she is able to demand it because of the power gain. Again, further on in the play Mary is also able to â€Å"numb† Proctor when she overthrows his â€Å"grip† on her to tell the truth about the accusations, and instead turns on him. When pressured by Abigail and the other girls, once they start accusing Mary to save themselves, she is not able to stand her ground – which highlights her feebleness and weakness which was seen at the very start of the play. This is seen as she even admits she has â€Å"no power†. This links to her inferior position in the society and even within her social group, she is not popular, and respected. This is shown when Abigail tells Mary to â€Å"shut it† and Mercy Lewis starts â€Å"pointing† and â€Å"looking† at Mary as if she were to blame. However, the fact that Mary was able to then accuse Proctor of being â€Å"devil’s man†, who is a highly respected in the village, shows that she does have more power than she started with. But she is abusing her power, to save herself and because of her lack of power on her social circle. So, this once ‘innocent’ girl who thought they â€Å"must tell the truth† took advantage of the situation so she and her friends would not be â€Å"whipped†. Overall, Mary arguably, has the most progressive power of all the girls and possibly all of the characters in ‘The Crucible’, but that’s not to say she has the most power overall. Another character like Mary Warren who gains power throughout the play is Abigail Williams. Once shunned and scorned by the inhabitants of the village because of her â€Å"blackened name†, Abigail becomes a domineering power, and is treated like a â€Å"saint†. A mere accusation from Abigail or one of her girls is enough to convict even a well-respected inhabitant of Salem like Rebecca Nurse who does â€Å"great charities†. Even though in present day we would associate â€Å"saint† with good Samaritans, which would seem absurd to see Abigail called this in present day, she was seen in this way because in puritan society if you went against god, you went against the law. So Abigail’s act of bringing Salem’s attention to the presence of the devil, and then through the court eradicating it was seen as an act of greatness. Abigail starts off as a scared young girl which is seen through Millers stage directions, as she â€Å"quavers† when being questioned by Parris about Betty’s mysterious illness. However, soon she is able to assert her power of the girls by â€Å"smashing† Betty round the face and threatening all the girls not to tell anyone about the events of the previous night, or she will â€Å"come† to them at the â€Å"black of one terrible night†. This implies they could be her prey, and if they make a wrong move she could pounce on them, which again puts her in a domineering position. This characteristic allows her to control within the group which creates more tension because Abigail also seems to be possessive which is seen when she says â€Å"Now look you. All of you†. The repetition of â€Å"you† makes the phrase quite aggressive and short commanding sentences have a strong impact, and make Abigail seem hostile but ultimately powerful. Her empowerment is also documented as the inhabitants of Salem think the â€Å"sea parts like Israel† for Abigail, so her sins are overlooked, as people take her word to be an expression of â€Å"God’s will. † This allowed Abigail to control and manipulate even the most powerful men in Salem, which is seen when Abigail threatens that Danforth- a high court official. So, Abigail Williams, who was once powerless in general society, is a perfect example of someone who became empowered by deciding the fate of other people and, by controlling and threatening people. Although, Abigail did have a powerful status among her social group from the outset and throughout which is shown when she starts â€Å"pointing with fear† and accusing Mary of â€Å"hurting her†, and quickly all the girls chime in with her. The third character who is subtly empowered is John Proctor. Despite his prideful ways, John Proctor describes himself as a â€Å"sinner. † His conversation with Elizabeth in act two where he exclaims for Elizabeth to â€Å"judge him not† demonstrated his internal conflict and his own unwillingness to forgive himself for his act of lechery. There are moments when his anger and disgust towards himself burst forth, such as when he exclaims to Judge Danforth: â€Å"I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours. † So, although it is not clear from the outset that John Proctor has been empowered, he has. He is able for the first time to â€Å"see some shred of goodness† in himself- his relief from his constant guilt- when he decides to deny his confession. In conclusion, all three characters were empowered through the play, which led to the unjust killing of numerous inhabitants of Salem through the false allegations of witchcraft. So, Miller uses this to show the audience the consequence of abuse of power. Abigail is the best example because she falls from her position of high power, and resorts to boarding a â€Å"ship†, in order to escape.

The Divorce Talk †Creative Writing Informal Essay

The Divorce Talk – Creative Writing Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers The Divorce Talk Creative Writing Informal Essay It was a Friday like any other Friday. I had just made the fifteen minute drive home from the bus stop. When I walked through the door, all I could think about was how hungry I was and all the math homework I had. Usually, when I got home from school, I had the house to myself for about three hours. My brother and parents were at work, so I could play my music as loud as I wanted and finish my homework without interruption. However, today was different. The house was not the welcoming quiet I was usually greeted with at the door. As I shut the door, I realized what was different, everyone was home, my brother, dad and mom. I decided to just shrug it off and go about my usual routine, I got a snack and started my homework. I was sitting on the floor in my room where I usually do my homework when my mom walked in. She greeted me with her usual, â€Å"How was school?† and â€Å"Do you have a lot of homework?† It was then, with a pained expression, that she told me what she really came into my room to say; that she and my dad wanted to have a talk. From that moment on, I knew there was going to be something different about this Friday. When my parents say they want to have a â€Å"talk† both my brother and I know it is never a good sign. A â€Å"talk† is usually an indication of some major catastrophe. The last family talk I can remember was about my Uncles colon cancer, and that talk had ended in tears. Immediately I had a sinking feeling that ran all the way to my feet, making them feel like bricks. As I walked toward the living room where all our family talks took place, I racked my brain to figure out what it was that my parents had to tell my brother and I. Finally, it hit me. I stole a glance in my brother’s direction, and from the look on his face we were thinking the same thing. His usual anything-goes expression was replaced by a look of uncertainty. We slumped onto the couch, not sure if we were ready for what was ahead. It was my mom who spoke first. â€Å"We want to tell you both first of all that we love you and nothing in the whole world could ever change that.† That was all she had to say to confirm that I knew what this talk was about. I had seen it coming, but I thought it I wouldnt be for a little while longer. â€Å"Your father and I aren’t getting along and we’ve tried everything,† she stated matter-of-factly, but i could see pain behind her blue eyes. Then she hesitantly continued, â€Å"We are getting a divorce†. Those words were like a slap in the face. It took a second for her words to sink in, but once they did, everything else that was said went in one ear and out the other. I was in complete shock. My whole world had been shaken, never to be the same again. My dad added, from his seat in the recliner, that he and my mom were there for us if we needed to talk, but that was the last thing I wanted to do. All I wanted to do was to go in my room and cry. I looked in my brother’s direction as we walked out of the room. We both were hurt deeply but had tried not to show it in front of our parents, so it was only when we were out of sight that the tears soaked our faces. When we reached the back of the house, he stopped and looked at me to see if I was hurting as bad as he was. It was then that he hugged me. There was a warmth that came from that hug that to this day I can’t describe. It calmed, soothed, and told me that everything was going to be all right. That hug was exactly what I needed and was the best hug that I’ve ever had. There is no doubt in my mind, on that day my life changed. I was no longer the girl with a perfect family, whose parents were still married. Even though this is the case, I can look back now and see that some good came out of the divorce. Before that day I’d never really cherished my relationship with each member of my family. I never thought about how much I enjoyed the car rides to school with my dad listening the golden oldies. I never realized how much my brother and I are alike. A simple look or a gesture can be like an entire conversation between us. I had not noticed how strong my mom is, and how hard she tried to make things work with my dad. She was doing that for my brother and I, she didnt want us to grow up with a broken family. The main thing I learned was that sometimes life is tough and unbearable, and it is in those times that you need a hug from someone who understands. Research Papers on The Divorce Talk - Creative Writing Informal EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtStandardized Testing

Chaos on the island

Chaos on the island In the novel Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, the reader can see how a society of boys quickly dissolves into a chaotic and erratic group of salvages. The boys, or any society for that matter, cannot safely function without proper leadership, law enforcement, and a structured environment. It is the lack of these three elements that lead to chaos on the island.Due to not having proper leadership, Ralph and Jack, two of the older boys, step up to lead the boys. Ralph and Jack have very different ways of leading the rest; Ralph tries to be nice and treat everyone as equals, yet jack realizes that this is not working and therefore chooses to show he is better by using violence and force. "I'm chief!' Viciously with full intention hurled his spear at Ralph. The point tore skin and flesh over Ralph's ribs then sheared off and fell into the water," (Lord of the Flies pg.181).English: Cottages, The Green, Marlborough William ...Jack was so worried about hunting and showing he i s tough that he forgets about the signal fire, leaving no way to be rescued. Ralph knows that the boys want to be rescued and is furious with Jack for letting the fire go out. "You talk. But you can't even build huts- then you go off hunting and let the fire out," (pg. 71). Golding focuses on leadership by writing about the battle between Jack and Ralph, yet he shows the reader that neither of the boys are mature enough to lead the boys safely.Law enforcement is not exactly present on the island, although to make the boys do what he wants, Jack simply uses violence and threat. Two boys are killed do to his violence and salvage behavior, being chief he is setting an example...

Case Analysis (Legal Methods) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Analysis (Legal Methods) - Essay Example The plaintiff sustained injuries as a result of the crash and attempted o claim compensation from the defendants on the grounds that they owed him a duty to ensure that the animals could not escape and get onto the highway where they might cause an accident. The area where the horses were kept did have a fence around them and it was not possible to reach a conclusion how the horses has managed to escape from the field. The fence had been flattened by the exiting horses and the judge came to the conclusion that the horses must have become frightened by someone or something and had bolted through the fence. The judge came to this decision despite lack of any concrete proof that this might be the case on the basis that the horses had never attempted to escape previously. Initially the plaintiff asserted a claim in negligence and under the Animals Act 1971. The negligence claim failed on the grounds that the animals were usually docile and the fence under such circumstances was adequate for its purpose. Judge O’Malley felt that the defendants had maintained an adequate state of repair to the enclosure and that the fencing was not below the standard required of a ‘reasonably careful and prudent owner’. It was therefore necessary for the plaintiff to rely on the strict liability for the damage under the Animals Act. Given that the defendants had been found not guilty of negligence the plaintiff had to rely on proving the horses were dangerous. The difficulty with this was that the horses were generally docile and had never previously escaped nor injured anyone. As the Act does not list horses as a dangerous species then the reliance was on Act which states "(2) Where damage is caused by an animal which does not belong to a dangerous species, a keeper of the animal is liable for the damage, except as otherwise provided by this Act, if-(a) the damage is of a kind which the animal,

Human Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Capital - Essay Example In the current scenario, people are the differentiators of a business enterprise; human capital is the profit lever of the knowledge economy. Human capital is the combination of genetic inheritance, education, experience and attitude towards life and business (Bontis & Fitz-enz, 2002). Human capital is the source of innovation and strategy. Sustained competitive advantage can accrue from a pool of human capital. Human capital adds value and is not substitutable. With these factors in mind, IBM, world's leading IT hardware, software and services company has devised its own strategy for recruitment and selection. Gordon (2002), states that organizations encounter difficulties in recruiting and retaining top talent because they have yet to deal with today's most critical human resources issues. It is essential to create a talent powered company consisting of highly motivated, skilled and loyal employees because such companies not only recruit the best but also retain the best through employee-centered strategies. In toady's world compensation packages do not matter. What is important is for the managers to take responsibility for retaining the best people. Managers need to meet their employees to discuss workplace concerns and possible solutions. If the managers are able to identify what the employees value, then they have the key to retention strategy that does not rely solely on financial benefits. Person-Organization (P-O) fit is the new approach that attempts to understand the selection process as this is directly related to talent retention within the organization (Westerman & Cyr, 2004) . Research suggests that the recruiters' perception of fit is often inaccurate as they are more predictive of hiring decisions than the actual fit between an applicant and the organization. High employee turnover is a consequence of poor P-O fit. IBM however follows a different system of recruitment and selection and is able to retain talent. They believe in equal opportunity, in work force diversity, they believe in promoting women and also re-employing the older staff. While HR practices were traditionally performed internally, companies have increasingly started outsourcing such activities. Recruiting and selection (R&S) has gradually become one of the most outsourced HR functions (Ordanini & Silvestri, 2008). According to the transaction cost principle if the cost of using the market is lower than that of internal production, it should be outsourced. The resource based view suggests that internal resources should be utilized for core competencies otherwise the activity should be externalized to preserve the internal resources for core functions. Based on these theories it has been considered profitable to outsource R&S functions and IBM too has taken such steps. In order for organizations to develop an image of 'employer of choice', they have to tread carefully in outsourcing recruitment (Thite, 2004). Mills (2002) says it is impossible to run the recruitment process single-handedly while simultaneously developing the core business. It is advisable to outsource the primary candidate selection and the first round of interviews while keeping the final selection decision with the company. Outsourcing recruitment process alleviates the administrative burden of sourcing and screening candidates with the right skills but Fish and Macklin (2004) caution the HRM professionals must ensure that the service providers have knowledge, integrity,

Political science - Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Political science - Africa - Research Paper Example Historical Background to The Situation - European Colonialism As discussed by Sharma (1973), in the beginning European interest was confined to the Atlantic coast and the Mediterranean - the rest was "Dark Continent" fraught with savage cannibals, wild animals and dreadful diseases stalking an inhospitable terrain. By the end of the fifteenth century Portuguese started trading in ivory, pepper, dyestuff and gold dust. This was also the time when Europeans commenced colonisation of the American continent and a very profitable slave trade flourished from Africa to meet the enormous demand of manual labour of the colonisers. By 1870s explorers and missionaries started adventuring into the deep jungles of Africa. With the advent of industrial revolution the demand for raw materials and markets to sell finished products grew in leaps and bounds. This led to rivalry amongst European colonialists to spread their territory, which reached its zenith in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The sharing of the 'African Pie' was amicably settled thro ugh the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 whereby Africa was apportioned by the European powers without any regard to the lie of the land or the psyche of the natives. It is to be noted that in posterity such lacerations presented serious problems of integration at the time of independence of most states. A primitive culture prevailed amongst the tribes in Africa and wars between clans and tribes to settle disputes were very common. Whenever there were disputes amongst the tribes the weaker ones sought outside help. The European traders who had modern weapons and better fighting skills to offer were their first choice. In due course areas that were rich... Africa is primarily a land of ethnic tribes and clans. A tribe does not represent any homogeneity or criterion by which sects of people differentiate themselves from other sects. They are a natural formation of people who get together and affirm their obligations to unite in warfare against outsiders and acknowledge the rights of their members to compensations for injuries. The colonisation of Africa has brutalised the people and vandalised the resources by warlords and despotic rulers. It has left Africans psychologically scarred and scared. Letting loose one tribe against another and creating insecurity and dependency was the most convenient way of subjugating a race. With their better intellect and strength, subjugating large states was not a difficult task for the Europeans. Here one must remember that Africa was not the only country that Europeans colonised. Large parts of Asia, Australia and America were also once under their occupation for centuries. Today many of them are env iable economic powers, technological marvels and military superpowers. Therefore, one cannot escape an accepted wisdom that Africa has wrought self-destruction on themselves unable to overcome the unique racial and social inadequacies. To gloss over Africa as a puzzle that cannot be solved or explained is simplistic. The happenings in Africa lead us to assume the Africans have some inherent ethnic shortcomings that keep them as underdogs on this planet earth. The historical fact file encourages one to accept such a presumption.

EGT1 †Economics and Global Business Applications Essay Example for Free

EGT1 – Economics and Global Business Applications Essay Elasticity of demand is a measure of responsiveness to a price change of a good or service. When demand is elastic, the percentage of a price change of a product will result in a larger percentage of quantity demanded (McConnell, p 77). It basically means reducing the price of a good service will result in a greater quantity demanded and an increase in revenue for the seller. When demand is inelastic, a change in price will result in a reduction of quantity demanded, which will then lead to a revenue decrease (McConnell, p 77). To demonstrate elastic and inelastic demand results, Company A sells 100 pens at $1.00 a piece each day, making their revenue $100.00. Company A then decides to sell their pens at $.50, which results in a total of 250 pens being sold. The total revenue from the price drop is $125, resulting in an additional $25.00; therefore the demand in this scenario is elastic. If selling the pens at the decreased price of $.50 would result in more pens being sold, but less total revenue, the demand is said to inelastic. According to McConnell, when demand in unit elastic, the percentage change in price and the resulting percentage changes in demand are the same. The change in price will not increase or decrease revenue. Cross price elasticity measures the response of demand to a change in price of another substitute or complimentary good (McConnell, p. 87). Substitute goods are goods that can be purchased in place of another good. Examples of substitute goods are soda (buying Coke vs. Pepsi), computers, and potato chips. A positive cross elasticity of demand means the increase of price in one good, for example Coca-Cola, will increase the demand of a substitute good, for example Pepsi. As the price for Coke increases, consumers are more likely to purchase Pepsi at a lower price, thereby increasing its demand. Complementary goods are items that are typically purchased in conjunction within one another. Examples are ringed binders and notebook paper, pencils and erasers, and potato chips and dip. A negative cross elasticity of demand in complementary goods means that the increase in price of one good, an example being potato chips, will decrease the demand for the complementary product that goes with it, the dip. Income elasticity measures the responsiveness of consumers to changes in their incomes (McConnell, p 88). Demand for normal goods tends to increase as consumers’ incomes increase and conversely, demand for inferior goods tends to decrease as consumers’ income increases. Demand is elastic where there is a large availability of substitutes. The reason for this as the price of a good increases, if there is a large amount of substitutes for this particular good, the consumer will choose the substitute. As discussed earlier, soda is an excellent example of this elasticity. Airline tickets are another example. As one airline raises its cost of a ticket or to even pay for a bag to be checked, a consumer will more likely choose a cheaper ticket or an airline that doesn’t charge for baggage over the original. If there is no (or a very limited) amount of substitutes for a good, elasticity is said to be negative. A price change in medication will not likely change the behavior of a consumer relative to demand since there isn’t a substitute to taking the medication. Household utilities are another example of a limited amount of substitutes. In discussing the proportion if one’s income devoted to a good concept, the household budget comes into play. In a given month, households pay for many different good and services. A change in price may or may not affect the households demand for those goods and services. Often, it is dependant on how much of the household budget is devoted to that good or service. Mobile phone service is an excellent example of a service that will most likely have a large amount of a household budget dedicated to it. A change in price in the cell phone service will most likely result in that family making a decision to change to a cheaper service, since that will have a large impact on their budget. On the other hand, that same household may purchase light bulbs each month. The amount of money dedicated to the purchase of light bulbs is so small, that a price increase will not likely affect the budget, therefore the family will not likely make a decision to change to a cheaper bulb. The concept of time when discussing demand is important. When a consumer has a large amount of time to decide on the purchase of a good or service, the elasticity is positive. Conversely, if there is little time, the elasticity is said to be negative. According to McConnell, and excellent example of this is gasoline for automobiles. Gasoline prices change daily and more often than not, prices rise. A family, who owns a car and is dependent on that car for work, etc, will not likely stop buying gas in the sort-term, because it is crucial to their everyday living. However, that family over a long period of time may decide to find alternate means of travel, decreasing their demand for gas. Using the graphs for elasticity of demand and total revenue, areas of elasticity, inelasticity and unit elasticity have been identified. Demand is elastic between the prices of $80.00 and $50.00, meaning the demand increases as the price decreases, resulting in an increase of total revenue. Between the prices of $50.00 and $40.00, the demand in unit elastic, meaning the percentage of drop in price resulted in the same percentage of increase in demand. Revenue remained unchanged in this price range. Between the prices of $40.00 and $0, the demand is inelastic, meaning the price drop has resulted in an increase in demand, but not enough to over come the decrease. Total revenue has been negatively impacted.

Essay --

Every relationship that we have shapes who we are. As children we had many friends and took advantage of the friendships, not realizing how wonderful they were until we grow up and have to look back at what may have been, had we not taken those relationships for granted. Liesel Meminger has many important relationships throughout the novel The Book Thief. The most significant of these relationships is the one she has with Rudy Steiner, which is like one of our many friendships as children. The narrator of the novel, Death, shows the beauty and brutality of this relationship when he retells Liesel’s wonderful friendship with Rudy, her rude awakening of her love for him, and the strength of both as they divulge secrets to each other. When Liesel first arrives on Himmel Street, she has no friends. However, her quick friendship with Rudy grows strong and fast. Shortly after they become friends, Rudy begins to have romantic feelings for Liesel when he states hopefully, â€Å"If I beat you, I get to kiss you† (53). Unfortunately, she does not see him as anything other than a friend in the beginning. Their relationship is beautiful because it is so filled with love. Liesel learns from a young age what it is like to have someone you love taken away by Death and so it is hard for her to find love for a while in her life. Her relationship with Rudy, in addition to her relationship with Hans, helps her to â€Å"relearn† what love is. She only sees Rudy as the child who covered himself in dirt and called himself Jesse Owens, not a teenager who has always been there for her with love that blossomed early and endured forever. It was only until it was too late that she realizes that â€Å"He was her best frien d.† (518) and she truly loved him. Love comes in... ...ret from him. This helps her to see that she loves him and allows her to further analyze their amazing relationship. Overall Liesel and Rudy’s relationship is so significant because, in a way, it has us rethink own relationships in retrospect. Through their relationship we learn about our own, and their relationship teaches us to have no regrets in love. Their relationship is special in The Book Thief and it is one thing that remains constant in Liesel’s crazy life after her mom leaves her. Death shows the beauty and brutality of this relationship when he retells Liesel’s wonderful friendship with Rudy, her rude awakening of her love for him, and the strength of both as they divulge secrets to each other. Rudy and Liesel have been through many ups, and few downs in their relationship, but it has affected her for the better because Rudy retaught Liesel how to love.

Assignment of Personal Sport

Last year, after summer vacation, I went into my student soccer team kind of sad, my past captain, the person who I had really admired, had moved to another team. I did not really feel down though, because there were many of my friends that were playing with me this year. The greatest thing I had learned about soccer is â€Å"Team Spirit†, which I thought my team was full of. Day by day, we played together, joked in the yard, hung out after tired matches, I was so happy to have them as teammate. In my city, there were many rival teams, and they were always trying to pull pranks on each other. Sometimes nothing really happened, but sometimes something really terrible happened. I remembered the time our team did not have any uniforms because someone has painted them. Luckily, we could have a new uniform which I thought were better, but we also had to pay a lot of money for them. This season was not just like any season before. We had a new captain and we were also playing competitive soccer, which was a lot different than our normal soccer. Instead of playing with other local teams, we got to play in big tournaments and against strange teams from other cities. The game was also more vivid; I remember the first game, against a team from Hue City-the city next to my city. The game we called â€Å"Derby Game†, it was totally different than anything I had seen, we were getting to play at a university, and against a highly ranked team. We had started the game, and man the other team was wild, they played with violence. After the first half with surprise and anger, we started to strike back, and I was sure the referee would hate to be in his position. Whenever he made a decision, he got a lot of bad word from players; it did not matter if he was right or wrong. That game finished with a loss for us, but the biggest disappointment was that two of my teammates were injured. We soon learned to live with this violence, and the funny thing is, we even participated in it more than other teams. After we gained enough points, we entered to the next stage of the tournament, which was called â€Å"Knock Out Stage†. This meant we could be kicked out of the tournament as soon as we lost a game. The tournament was held in Ho Chi Minh City, the biggest city in my country. We stayed in a hotel with three other teams. At the first sight I looked at them, I realized that the rumors about them were true; teams that qualified to this stage were really beasts, they were stronger, faster and even dirtier (in the way they play). We had about two days to practice and get used to the yard. The yard there was much prettier than in our city. The grass was greener, and there was more space for supporters. In the first day of the tournament, we had a game against Thu Do, a team from Hanoi City- our capital city. That team played really well, they ran all around the yard and I never saw any of them stop running. Our goalie was taking a lot of their shots; he looked really exhausted just after 20 minutes. Then as we saw that they were too strong for us, we changed the tactic to â€Å"counterattack†, which was much safer and did not waste as much energy. I had to be withdrawn from the yard because of the change in tactic. At that time, I felt so disappointed but I could contain it. The change in tactic seemed to be good and gave us a positive effect. Thu Do still attacked very hard, they flowed into our yard part like a huge flood, but it was less dangerous than before. Our defense did a very good job; they kept the enemies far away from the goalie as much as they could, they also tried to block every shot from the enemies. I was sitting on the sideline for a bit and my coach asked me how I felt, I said good and asked if I could get back in, he said, â€Å"Sure, but in a bit. † So I started do some exercises to keep my body warm and be ready. A bit later, the referee blew the whistle and the first half came to an end. The result was still 0-0 and we could not expect more. Our team went into the rest room and discussed a lot. My coach told me that I would have a part in second half; nervous thought crossed my mind for a second but was soon gone. At the beginning of the second half, things were not much different from the first one; Thu Do still tried hard to attack and score a goal, but our defense line was really concentrated on to the game. Whenever Thu Do’s player got the ball, there were always two or maybe three of our players standing around him and were able to win the ball back. They kept attacking hard and we kept defending well. After 20 minutes, Thu Do players were starting to get tired, I could see how heavy and exhausted in their running, and you know, that was the time we had been waiting for. The coach told me to pop in. We started to attack them back, and can anyone believe it? We scored at our very first chance; I was the one who crossed the final ball to Vu – our player, and with a genius header, the Thu Do’s net vibrated with our happiness and cheers from our supporters. We had been waiting for this time and it had come. I remembered a saying from a well-known coach that goes: â€Å"If you keep attacking but could not score, then you will be scored. It was true this time. I could not tell you how Thu Do player’s faces looked at that time. It was some kind of disappointed, angry or maybe even shameful. After having a goal, we got back to defense style. The time left was still plenty, Thu Do’ player attacked in hopelessness, and for their honor. But that was it, the referee blew full time whistle and we won that game, a very tough game. We also paid a very expensive price because of that winning moment; our players were exhausted and did not have good form on the next game. We lost on our second game. Although that was not something that really surprised us, we were still. I thought the main reason for our loss was that we were not really ready for this kind of tournament. We were determined to get back to our city and train harder and hope for a successful next year. That was also a lesson for me and my team, so that in next tournaments, we could have a better preparation in health and mental, and could avoid unnecessary injures. Until now, that soccer experience is something that I never forget in my life; that was not only my first soccer tournament, but also the most impressive tournament I have ever had.

Budget Airlines

In both Europe and North America, established airlines are desperately cutting costs in order to compete with the increasing number of budget airlines. However, it is highly unlikely that these airlines will ever match the cost efficiency of Southwest, Jetblue or Ryanair. What opportunities are there for established airlines to improve their competitive position through differentiation strategies? Make specific proposals for how established airlines can differentiate their customer offerings more effectively. Few other industries generate the amount and intensity of attention given to airlines, not only among its participants but from government policy makers, the media, and almost anyone who has an anecdote about a particular air travel experience. Since the economic deregulation of airlines in the United States in 1978 the questions of cost efficiency, operating profitability and competitive behavior have become the dominant issues facing airline management. In early 2001 the combination of reduced business travel budgets and substantial cutbacks in airline passenger service quality led more business travelers to look for alternatives to paying premium air fares – namely low-fare airlines for business travel. Southwest, Jetblue and Ryanair are very efficiently run airlines that offer customers consistently cheap airfares in the mature airline industry. Over the past 10 years, the established airlines have attempted to differentiate their services to compete with these companies in numerous ways. However, while such differentiation has proved critical to competitive advantage in business class, for economy fliers, differentiation initiatives have met limited market response. Attempts to increase legroom, offer â€Å"economy-plus† seats, superior in-flight entertainment and achieving superior punctuality have met little market response from customers. The only differentiation strategy that has proved wildly successful is frequent flier programs and services offered to first- and business-class travelers (Grant text Ch. 13). A critical question for the established airlines is whether any differentiation characteristics are capable of creating more value for customers than their costs to the airline. I think it is important to examine the airline passengers’ value chain of activities to identify opportunities for creating customer value. Creating opportunities are likely to be improvements in the form of time savings and increased convenience. Legacy carriers simply have to maximize efficiency, either by reducing frills or by providing a good value for premium product. They should keep costs at a minimum to reduce price, offer better schedules, service and faster, more reliable reservations and check-in systems.